8340552: Harden TzdbZoneRulesCompiler against missing zone names

Reviewed-by: andrew
Backport-of: d70ea49243

.github/actions/do-build/action.yml

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
 
     - name: 'Upload build logs'
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: failure-logs-${{ inputs.platform }}${{ inputs.debug-suffix }}
         path: failure-logs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ runs:
 
       # This is the best way I found to abort the job with an error message
     - name: 'Notify about build failures'
-      uses: actions/github-script@v6
+      uses: actions/github-script@v7
       with:
         script: core.setFailed('Build failed. See summary for details.')
       if: steps.check.outputs.failure == 'true'

.github/actions/get-bootjdk/action.yml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: 'Check cache for BootJDK'
       id: get-cached-bootjdk
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: bootjdk/jdk
         key: boot-jdk-${{ inputs.platform }}-${{ steps.sha256.outputs.value }}

.github/actions/get-bundles/action.yml

@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: 'Download bundles artifact'
       id: download-bundles
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: bundles-${{ inputs.platform }}${{ inputs.debug-suffix }}
         path: bundles
       continue-on-error: true
 
     - name: 'Download bundles artifact (retry)'
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: bundles-${{ inputs.platform }}${{ inputs.debug-suffix }}
         path: bundles

.github/actions/get-jtreg/action.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: 'Check cache for JTReg'
       id: get-cached-jtreg
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: jtreg/installed
         key: jtreg-${{ steps.version.outputs.value }}
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ runs:
     - name: 'Build JTReg'
       run: |
         # Build JTReg and move files to the proper locations
-        bash make/build.sh --jdk "$JAVA_HOME_11_X64"
+        bash make/build.sh --jdk "$JAVA_HOME_17_X64"
         mkdir ../installed
         mv build/images/jtreg/* ../installed
       working-directory: jtreg/src

.github/actions/get-msys2/action.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - name: 'Install MSYS2'
-      uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+      uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2.22.0
       with:
         install: 'autoconf tar unzip zip make'
         path-type: minimal

.github/actions/upload-bundles/action.yml

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
 
     - name: 'Upload bundles artifact'
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: bundles-${{ inputs.platform }}${{ inputs.debug-suffix }}
         path: bundles

.github/workflows/build-cross-compile.yml

@@ -87,13 +87,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           platform: linux-x64
 
-        # Use linux-x64 JDK bundle as build JDK
-      - name: 'Get build JDK'
-        id: buildjdk
-        uses: ./.github/actions/get-bundles
-        with:
-          platform: linux-x64
-
         # Upgrading apt to solve libc6 installation bugs, see JDK-8260460.
       - name: 'Install toolchain and dependencies'
         run: |
@@ -110,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'Check cache for sysroot'
         id: get-cached-sysroot
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: sysroot
           key: sysroot-${{ matrix.debian-arch }}-${{ hashFiles('./.github/workflows/build-cross-compile.yml') }}
@@ -154,7 +147,6 @@ jobs:
           --disable-precompiled-headers
           --openjdk-target=${{ matrix.gnu-arch }}-linux-gnu${{ matrix.gnu-abi}}
           --with-sysroot=sysroot
-          --with-build-jdk=${{ steps.buildjdk.outputs.jdk-path }}
           CC=${{ matrix.gnu-arch }}-linux-gnu${{ matrix.gnu-abi}}-gcc-${{ inputs.gcc-major-version }}
           CXX=${{ matrix.gnu-arch }}-linux-gnu${{ matrix.gnu-abi}}-g++-${{ inputs.gcc-major-version }}
           ${{ inputs.extra-conf-options }} ${{ inputs.configure-arguments }} || (

.github/workflows/build-macos.yml

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build-macos:
     name: build
-    runs-on: macos-11
+    runs-on: macos-12
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ jobs:
       gcc-major-version: '10'
       configure-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.configure-arguments }}
       make-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.make-arguments }}
-    # The linux-x64 jdk bundle is used as buildjdk for the cross-compile job
-    if: needs.select.outputs.linux-x64 == 'true' || needs.select.outputs.linux-cross-compile == 'true'
+    if: needs.select.outputs.linux-x64 == 'true'
 
   build-linux-x86:
     name: linux-x86
@@ -211,7 +210,6 @@ jobs:
     name: linux-cross-compile
     needs:
       - select
-      - build-linux-x64
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-cross-compile.yml
     with:
       gcc-major-version: '10'
@@ -225,7 +223,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
     with:
       platform: macos-x64
-      xcode-toolset-version: '11.7'
+      xcode-toolset-version: '13.4.1'
       configure-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.configure-arguments }}
       make-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.make-arguments }}
     if: needs.select.outputs.macos-x64 == 'true'
@@ -236,7 +234,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
     with:
       platform: macos-aarch64
-      xcode-toolset-version: '12.4'
+      xcode-toolset-version: '13.4.1'
       extra-conf-options: '--openjdk-target=aarch64-apple-darwin'
       configure-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.configure-arguments }}
       make-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.make-arguments }}
@@ -300,7 +298,7 @@ jobs:
     with:
       platform: macos-x64
       bootjdk-platform: macos-x64
-      runs-on: macos-11
+      runs-on: macos-12
 
   test-windows-x64:
     name: windows-x64
@@ -335,26 +333,23 @@ jobs:
       - test-windows-x64
 
     steps:
-        # Hack to get hold of the api environment variables that are only defined for actions
-      - name: 'Get API configuration'
-        id: api
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        with:
-          script: 'return { url: process.env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"], token: process.env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN"] }'
-
       - name: 'Remove bundle artifacts'
         run: |
           # Find and remove all bundle artifacts
-          ALL_ARTIFACT_URLS="$(curl -s \
-              -H 'Accept: application/json;api-version=6.0-preview' \
-              -H 'Authorization: Bearer ${{ fromJson(steps.api.outputs.result).token }}' \
-              '${{ fromJson(steps.api.outputs.result).url }}_apis/pipelines/workflows/${{ github.run_id }}/artifacts?api-version=6.0-preview')"
-          BUNDLE_ARTIFACT_URLS="$(echo "$ALL_ARTIFACT_URLS" | jq -r -c '.value | map(select(.name|startswith("bundles-"))) | .[].url')"
-          for url in $BUNDLE_ARTIFACT_URLS; do
-            echo "Removing $url"
-            curl -s \
-                -H 'Accept: application/json;api-version=6.0-preview' \
-                -H 'Authorization: Bearer ${{ fromJson(steps.api.outputs.result).token }}' \
-                -X DELETE "$url" \
+          # See: https://docs.github.com/en/rest/actions/artifacts?apiVersion=2022-11-28
+          ALL_ARTIFACT_IDS="$(curl -sL \
+              -H 'Accept: application/vnd.github+json' \
+              -H 'Authorization: Bearer ${{ github.token }}' \
+              -H 'X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28' \
+              '${{ github.api_url }}/repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}/artifacts?per_page=100')"
+          BUNDLE_ARTIFACT_IDS="$(echo "$ALL_ARTIFACT_IDS" | jq -r -c '.artifacts | map(select(.name|startswith("bundles-"))) | .[].id')"
+          for id in $BUNDLE_ARTIFACT_IDS; do
+            echo "Removing $id"
+            curl -sL \
+                -X DELETE \
+                -H 'Accept: application/vnd.github+json' \
+                -H 'Authorization: Bearer ${{ github.token }}' \
+                -H 'X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28' \
+                "${{ github.api_url }}/repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/artifacts/$id" \
             || echo "Failed to remove bundle"
           done

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2022, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # On macOS we need to install some dependencies for testing
           brew install make
-          sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_11.7.app/Contents/Developer
+          sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_13.4.1.app/Contents/Developer
           # This will make GNU make available as 'make' and not only as 'gmake'
           echo '/usr/local/opt/make/libexec/gnubin' >> $GITHUB_PATH
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
 
       - name: 'Upload test results'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: results
           name: ${{ steps.package.outputs.artifact-name }}
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
 
         # This is the best way I found to abort the job with an error message
       - name: 'Notify about test failures'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           script: core.setFailed('${{ steps.run-tests.outputs.error-message }}')
         if: steps.run-tests.outputs.failure == 'true'

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /build/
 /dist/
 /.idea/
+/.vscode/
 nbproject/private/
 /webrev
 /.src-rev

.jcheck/conf

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 [general]
 project=jdk-updates
 jbs=JDK
-version=11.0.23
+version=11.0.26
 
 [checks]
-error=author,committer,reviewers,merge,issues,executable,symlink,message,hg-tag,whitespace
+error=author,committer,reviewers,merge,issues,executable,symlink,message,hg-tag,whitespace,problemlists
+warning=issuestitle,binary
 
 [repository]
 tags=(?:jdk-(?:[1-9]([0-9]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9][0-9]*)){0,4})(?:\+(?:(?:[0-9]+))|(?:-ga)))|(?:jdk[4-9](?:u\d{1,3})?-(?:(?:b\d{2,3})|(?:ga)))|(?:hs\d\d(?:\.\d{1,2})?-b\d\d)
@@ -29,3 +30,6 @@ role=committer
 
 [checks "issues"]
 pattern=^([124-8][0-9]{6}): (\S.*)$
+
+[checks "problemlists"]
+dirs=test/jdk|test/langtools|test/lib-test|test/hotspot/jtreg|test/jaxp

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# JDK Vulnerabilities
+
+Please follow the process outlined in the [OpenJDK Vulnerability Policy](https://openjdk.org/groups/vulnerability/report) to disclose vulnerabilities in the JDK.

doc/testing.html

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   <meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" />
   <title>Testing the JDK</title>
-  <style type="text/css">
+  <style>
       code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
       span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
       span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 <header id="title-block-header">
 <h1 class="title">Testing the JDK</h1>
 </header>
-<nav id="TOC">
+<nav id="TOC" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#using-the-run-test-framework">Using the run-test framework</a><ul>
 <li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 <li><a href="#notes-for-specific-tests">Notes for Specific Tests</a><ul>
 <li><a href="#docker-tests">Docker Tests</a></li>
 <li><a href="#client-ui-tests">Client UI Tests</a></li>
+<li><a href="#pkcs11-tests">PKCS11 Tests</a></li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 </nav>
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ $ make exploded-run-test TEST=tier2</code></pre>
 <p>To be able to run JTReg tests, <code>configure</code> needs to know where to find the JTReg test framework. If it is not picked up automatically by configure, use the <code>--with-jtreg=&lt;path to jtreg home&gt;</code> option to point to the JTReg framework. Note that this option should point to the JTReg home, i.e. the top directory, containing <code>lib/jtreg.jar</code> etc. (An alternative is to set the <code>JT_HOME</code> environment variable to point to the JTReg home before running <code>configure</code>.)</p>
 <h2 id="test-selection">Test selection</h2>
 <p>All functionality is available using the run-test make target. In this use case, the test or tests to be executed is controlled using the <code>TEST</code> variable. To speed up subsequent test runs with no source code changes, run-test-only can be used instead, which do not depend on the source and test image build.</p>
-<p>For some common top-level tests, direct make targets have been generated. This includes all JTReg test groups, the hotspot gtest, and custom tests (if present). This means that <code>make run-test-tier1</code> is equivalent to <code>make run-test TEST=&quot;tier1&quot;</code>, but the latter is more tab-completion friendly. For more complex test runs, the <code>run-test TEST=&quot;x&quot;</code> solution needs to be used.</p>
+<p>For some common top-level tests, direct make targets have been generated. This includes all JTReg test groups, the hotspot gtest, and custom tests (if present). This means that <code>make run-test-tier1</code> is equivalent to <code>make run-test TEST="tier1"</code>, but the latter is more tab-completion friendly. For more complex test runs, the <code>run-test TEST="x"</code> solution needs to be used.</p>
 <p>The test specifications given in <code>TEST</code> is parsed into fully qualified test descriptors, which clearly and unambigously show which tests will be run. As an example, <code>:tier1</code> will expand to <code>jtreg:$(TOPDIR)/test/hotspot/jtreg:tier1 jtreg:$(TOPDIR)/test/jdk:tier1 jtreg:$(TOPDIR)/test/langtools:tier1 jtreg:$(TOPDIR)/test/nashorn:tier1 jtreg:$(TOPDIR)/test/jaxp:tier1</code>. You can always submit a list of fully qualified test descriptors in the <code>TEST</code> variable if you want to shortcut the parser.</p>
 <h3 id="common-test-groups">Common Test Groups</h3>
 <p>Ideally, all tests are run for every change but this may not be practical due to the limited testing resources, the scope of the change, etc.</p>
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ TEST FAILURE</code></pre>
 <p>Additional work data is stored in <code>build/$BUILD/test-support/$TEST_ID</code>. For some frameworks, this directory might contain information that is useful in determining the cause of a failed test.</p>
 <h2 id="test-suite-control">Test suite control</h2>
 <p>It is possible to control various aspects of the test suites using make control variables.</p>
-<p>These variables use a keyword=value approach to allow multiple values to be set. So, for instance, <code>JTREG=&quot;JOBS=1;TIMEOUT=8&quot;</code> will set the JTReg concurrency level to 1 and the timeout factor to 8. This is equivalent to setting <code>JTREG_JOBS=1 JTREG_TIMEOUT=8</code>, but using the keyword format means that the <code>JTREG</code> variable is parsed and verified for correctness, so <code>JTREG=&quot;TMIEOUT=8&quot;</code> would give an error, while <code>JTREG_TMIEOUT=8</code> would just pass unnoticed.</p>
-<p>To separate multiple keyword=value pairs, use <code>;</code> (semicolon). Since the shell normally eats <code>;</code>, the recommended usage is to write the assignment inside qoutes, e.g. <code>JTREG=&quot;...;...&quot;</code>. This will also make sure spaces are preserved, as in <code>JTREG=&quot;VM_OPTIONS=-XshowSettings -Xlog:gc+ref=debug&quot;</code>.</p>
+<p>These variables use a keyword=value approach to allow multiple values to be set. So, for instance, <code>JTREG="JOBS=1;TIMEOUT=8"</code> will set the JTReg concurrency level to 1 and the timeout factor to 8. This is equivalent to setting <code>JTREG_JOBS=1 JTREG_TIMEOUT=8</code>, but using the keyword format means that the <code>JTREG</code> variable is parsed and verified for correctness, so <code>JTREG="TMIEOUT=8"</code> would give an error, while <code>JTREG_TMIEOUT=8</code> would just pass unnoticed.</p>
+<p>To separate multiple keyword=value pairs, use <code>;</code> (semicolon). Since the shell normally eats <code>;</code>, the recommended usage is to write the assignment inside qoutes, e.g. <code>JTREG="...;..."</code>. This will also make sure spaces are preserved, as in <code>JTREG="VM_OPTIONS=-XshowSettings -Xlog:gc+ref=debug"</code>.</p>
 <p>(Other ways are possible, e.g. using backslash: <code>JTREG=JOBS=1\;TIMEOUT=8</code>. Also, as a special technique, the string <code>%20</code> will be replaced with space for certain options, e.g. <code>JTREG=VM_OPTIONS=-XshowSettings%20-Xlog:gc+ref=debug</code>. This can be useful if you have layers of scripts and have trouble getting proper quoting of command line arguments through.)</p>
 <p>As far as possible, the names of the keywords have been standardized between test suites.</p>
 <h3 id="general-keywords-test_opts">General keywords (TEST_OPTS)</h3>
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ TEST FAILURE</code></pre>
 <p>Set to <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>. If <code>true</code>, JTReg will use <code>-match:</code> option, otherwise <code>-exclude:</code> will be used. Default is <code>false</code>.</p>
 <h4 id="options">OPTIONS</h4>
 <p>Additional options to the JTReg test framework.</p>
-<p>Use <code>JTREG=&quot;OPTIONS=--help all&quot;</code> to see all available JTReg options.</p>
+<p>Use <code>JTREG="OPTIONS=--help all"</code> to see all available JTReg options.</p>
 <h4 id="java_options-1">JAVA_OPTIONS</h4>
 <p>Additional Java options to JTReg (<code>-javaoption</code>).</p>
 <h4 id="vm_options-1">VM_OPTIONS</h4>
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ TEST FAILURE</code></pre>
 <p>Default is 1. Set to -1 to repeat indefinitely. This can be especially useful combined with <code>OPTIONS=--gtest_break_on_failure</code> to reproduce an intermittent problem.</p>
 <h4 id="options-1">OPTIONS</h4>
 <p>Additional options to the Gtest test framework.</p>
-<p>Use <code>GTEST=&quot;OPTIONS=--help&quot;</code> to see all available Gtest options.</p>
+<p>Use <code>GTEST="OPTIONS=--help"</code> to see all available Gtest options.</p>
 <h4 id="aot_modules-2">AOT_MODULES</h4>
 <p>Generate AOT modules before testing for the specified module, or set of modules. If multiple modules are specified, they should be separated by space (or, to help avoid quoting issues, the special value <code>%20</code>).</p>
 <h2 id="notes-for-specific-tests">Notes for Specific Tests</h2>
@@ -178,6 +179,11 @@ TEST FAILURE</code></pre>
 <pre><code>$ make run-test TEST=&quot;jtreg:test/hotspot/jtreg/containers/docker&quot;</code></pre>
 <p>To run these tests correctly, additional parameters for the correct docker image are required on Ubuntu 18.04 by using <code>JAVA_OPTIONS</code>.</p>
 <pre><code>$ make run-test TEST=&quot;jtreg:test/hotspot/jtreg/containers/docker&quot; JTREG=&quot;JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djdk.test.docker.image.name=ubuntu -Djdk.test.docker.image.version=latest&quot;</code></pre>
+<h3 id="pkcs11-tests">PKCS11 Tests</h3>
+<p>It is highly recommended to use the latest NSS version when running PKCS11 tests. Improper NSS version may lead to unexpected failures which are hard to diagnose. For example, sun/security/pkcs11/Secmod/AddTrustedCert.java may fail on Ubuntu 18.04 with the default NSS version in the system. To run these tests correctly, the system property <<code>jdk.test.lib.artifacts.&lt;NAME&gt;</code> is required on Ubuntu 18.04 to specify the alternative NSS lib directories.The<code>&lt;NAME&gt;</code> component should be replaced with the name element of the appropriate <code>@Artifact</code> class. (See<code>test/jdk/sun/security/pkcs11/PKCS11Test.java</code>)</p>
+<p>For example:</p>
+<pre><code>$ make test TEST=&quot;jtreg:sun/security/pkcs11/Secmod/AddTrustedCert.java&quot; JTREG=&quot;JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djdk.test.lib.artifacts.nsslib-linux_aarch64=/path/to/NSS-libs&quot</code></pre>
+<p>For more notes about the PKCS11 tests, please refer to test/jdk/sun/security/pkcs11/README.</p>
 <h3 id="client-ui-tests">Client UI Tests</h3>
 <p>Some Client UI tests use key sequences which may be reserved by the operating system. Usually that causes the test failure. So it is highly recommended to disable system key shortcuts prior testing. The steps to access and disable system key shortcuts for various platforms are provided below.</p>
 <h4 id="macos">MacOS</h4>

doc/testing.md

@@ -370,6 +370,22 @@ required on Ubuntu 18.04 by using `JAVA_OPTIONS`.
 
     $ make run-test TEST="jtreg:test/hotspot/jtreg/containers/docker" JTREG="JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djdk.test.docker.image.name=ubuntu -Djdk.test.docker.image.version=latest"
 
+### PKCS11 Tests
+
+It is highly recommended to use the latest NSS version when running PKCS11 tests.
+Improper NSS version may lead to unexpected failures which are hard to diagnose.
+For example, sun/security/pkcs11/Secmod/AddTrustedCert.java may fail on Ubuntu
+18.04 with the default NSS version in the system.
+To run these tests correctly, the system property `jdk.test.lib.artifacts.<NAME>` is required on
+Ubuntu 18.04 to specify the alternative NSS lib directory. The `<NAME>`
+component should be replaced with the name element of the appropriate
+`@Artifact` class. (See `test/jdk/sun/security/pkcs11/PKCS11Test.java`)
+For example:
+
+    $ make test TEST="jtreg:sun/security/pkcs11/Secmod/AddTrustedCert.java" JTREG="JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djdk.test.lib.artifacts.nsslib-linux_aarch64=/path/to/NSS-libs"
+
+For more notes about the PKCS11 tests, please refer to test/jdk/sun/security/pkcs11/README.
+
 ### Client UI Tests
 
 Some Client UI tests use key sequences which may be reserved by the operating

make/Main.gmk

@@ -554,6 +554,18 @@ test-image-jdk-jtreg-native:
 	+($(CD) $(TOPDIR)/make/test && $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ARGS) -f JtregNativeJdk.gmk \
 	    test-image-jdk-jtreg-native)
 
+# Native files needed by the testlib
+build-test-lib-native:
+	+($(CD) $(TOPDIR)/make/test && $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ARGS) -f BuildTestLibNative.gmk \
+	    build-test-lib-native)
+
+test-image-lib-native:
+	+($(CD) $(TOPDIR)/make/test && $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ARGS) -f BuildTestLibNative.gmk \
+	    test-image-lib-native)
+
+# Native files needed when testing the testlib itself
+# ... build-test-libtest-jtreg-native etc not yet backported
+
 build-test-hotspot-jtreg-graal:
 	+($(CD) $(TOPDIR)/make/test && $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ARGS) -f JtregGraalUnit.gmk \
 	     build-test-hotspot-jtreg-graal)
@@ -596,7 +608,8 @@ endif
 
 ALL_TARGETS += prepare-test-image build-test-hotspot-jtreg-native \
     test-image-hotspot-jtreg-native build-test-jdk-jtreg-native \
-    test-image-jdk-jtreg-native build-test-lib build-test-failure-handler \
+    test-image-jdk-jtreg-native build-test-lib-native test-image-lib-native \
+    build-test-lib build-test-failure-handler \
     test-failure-handler test-image-failure-handler test-image-hotspot-gtest \
     test-image-hotspot-jtreg-graal build-test-hotspot-jtreg-graal \
     run-test exploded-run-test
@@ -976,12 +989,16 @@ else
 
   build-test-jdk-jtreg-native: buildtools-jdk java.base-libs
 
+  build-test-lib-native: buildtools-jdk java.base-libs
+
   build-test-hotspot-jtreg-graal: exploded-image-optimize
 
   test-image-hotspot-jtreg-native: build-test-hotspot-jtreg-native
 
   test-image-jdk-jtreg-native: build-test-jdk-jtreg-native
 
+  test-image-lib-native: build-test-lib-native
+
   test-image-hotspot-jtreg-graal: build-test-hotspot-jtreg-graal
 
   test-image-hotspot-gtest: hotspot
@@ -1141,7 +1158,8 @@ endif
 
 # This target builds the test image
 test-image: prepare-test-image \
-    test-image-jdk-jtreg-native test-image-failure-handler \
+    test-image-jdk-jtreg-native test-image-lib-native \
+    test-image-failure-handler \
     test-image-demos-jdk $(JVM_TEST_IMAGE_TARGETS)
 
 ################################################################################

make/RunTests.gmk

@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ define SetupRunJtregTestBody
 	$$(RM) -r $$($1_TEST_RESULTS_DIR)
 
   $1_COMMAND_LINE := \
-      $$(JAVA) $$($1_JTREG_LAUNCHER_OPTIONS) \
+      $$(JTREG_JAVA) $$($1_JTREG_LAUNCHER_OPTIONS) \
           -Dprogram=jtreg -jar $$(JT_HOME)/lib/jtreg.jar \
           $$($1_JTREG_BASIC_OPTIONS) \
           -testjdk:$$(JDK_IMAGE_DIR) \

make/RunTestsPrebuilt.gmk

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ $(eval $(call SetupVariable,JT_HOME))
 $(eval $(call SetupVariable,JDK_IMAGE_DIR,$(OUTPUTDIR)/images/jdk))
 $(eval $(call SetupVariable,TEST_IMAGE_DIR,$(OUTPUTDIR)/images/test))
 $(eval $(call SetupVariable,SYMBOLS_IMAGE_DIR,$(OUTPUTDIR)/images/symbols,NO_CHECK))
+$(eval $(call SetupVariable,JTREG_JDK,$(BOOT_JDK)))
 
 # Provide default values for tools that we need
 $(eval $(call SetupVariable,MAKE,make,NO_CHECK))
@@ -294,6 +295,7 @@ $(call CreateNewSpec, $(NEW_SPEC), \
     TOPDIR := $(TOPDIR), \
     OUTPUTDIR := $(OUTPUTDIR), \
     BOOT_JDK := $(BOOT_JDK), \
+    JTREG_JDK := $(JTREG_JDK), \
     JT_HOME := $(JT_HOME), \
     JDK_IMAGE_DIR := $(JDK_IMAGE_DIR), \
     TEST_IMAGE_DIR := $(TEST_IMAGE_DIR), \

make/RunTestsPrebuiltSpec.gmk

@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ JAR := $(FIXPATH) $(JAR_CMD)
 JLINK := $(FIXPATH) $(JLINK_CMD)
 JMOD := $(FIXPATH) $(JMOD_CMD)
 
+JTREG_JAVA := $(FIXPATH) $(JTREG_JDK)/bin/java $(JAVA_FLAGS_BIG) $(JAVA_FLAGS)
+
 BUILD_JAVA := $(JDK_IMAGE_DIR)/bin/JAVA
 ################################################################################
 # Some common tools. Assume most common name and no path.

make/autoconf/compare.sh.in

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ export AWK="@AWK@"
 export BASH="@BASH@"
 export CAT="@CAT@"
 export CMP="@CMP@"
+export CODESIGN="@CODESIGN@"
 export CP="@CP@"
 export CUT="@CUT@"
 export DIFF="@DIFF@"

make/autoconf/configure.ac

@@ -183,15 +183,14 @@ TOOLCHAIN_POST_DETECTION
 TOOLCHAIN_SETUP_BUILD_COMPILERS
 TOOLCHAIN_MISC_CHECKS
 
-# Setup the JTReg Regression Test Harness.
-TOOLCHAIN_SETUP_JTREG
-
-# Setup Jib dependency tool
-TOOLCHAIN_SETUP_JIB
-
 # After toolchain setup, we need to process some flags to be able to continue.
 FLAGS_POST_TOOLCHAIN
 
+# Setup the tools needed to test the JDK (JTReg Regression Test Harness
+# and the Jib dependency tool).
+LIB_TESTS_SETUP_JTREG
+LIB_TESTS_SETUP_JIB
+
 # Now we can test some aspects on the target using configure macros.
 PLATFORM_SETUP_OPENJDK_TARGET_BITS
 PLATFORM_SETUP_OPENJDK_TARGET_ENDIANNESS
@@ -233,7 +232,8 @@ HOTSPOT_SETUP_JVM_FEATURES
 ###############################################################################
 
 JDKOPT_DETECT_INTREE_EC
-JDKOPT_ENABLE_DISABLE_FAILURE_HANDLER
+LIB_TESTS_ENABLE_DISABLE_FAILURE_HANDLER
+
 JDKOPT_ENABLE_DISABLE_GENERATE_CLASSLIST
 JDKOPT_EXCLUDE_TRANSLATIONS
 JDKOPT_ENABLE_DISABLE_MANPAGES

make/autoconf/flags-cflags.m4

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 # Setup flags for C/C++ compiler
 #
 
-###############################################################################
+################################################################################
 #
 # How to compile shared libraries.
 #
@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_SHARED_LIBS],
 
     # Default works for linux, might work on other platforms as well.
     SHARED_LIBRARY_FLAGS='-shared'
-    SET_EXECUTABLE_ORIGIN='-Wl,-rpath,\$$ORIGIN[$]1'
+    # --disable-new-dtags forces use of RPATH instead of RUNPATH for rpaths.
+    # This protects internal library dependencies within the JDK from being
+    # overridden using LD_LIBRARY_PATH. See JDK-8326891 for more information.
+    SET_EXECUTABLE_ORIGIN='-Wl,-rpath,\$$ORIGIN[$]1 -Wl,--disable-new-dtags'
     SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_ORIGIN="-Wl,-z,origin $SET_EXECUTABLE_ORIGIN"
     SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_NAME='-Wl,-soname=[$]1'
     SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_MAPFILE='-Wl,-version-script=[$]1'
@@ -59,6 +62,9 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_SHARED_LIBS],
       # Default works for linux, might work on other platforms as well.
       SHARED_LIBRARY_FLAGS='-shared'
       SET_EXECUTABLE_ORIGIN='-Wl,-rpath,\$$ORIGIN[$]1'
+      if test "x$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = xlinux; then
+        SET_EXECUTABLE_ORIGIN="$SET_EXECUTABLE_ORIGIN -Wl,--disable-new-dtags"
+      fi
       SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_NAME='-Wl,-soname=[$]1'
       SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_MAPFILE='-Wl,-version-script=[$]1'
 
@@ -166,28 +172,60 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_WARNINGS],
       DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-wd"
       BUILD_CC_DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-wd"
       CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-WX"
+
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL="-W3"
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS="4800"
       ;;
+
     solstudio)
       DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-erroff="
-      CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-errtags -errwarn=%all"
+      CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-errwarn=%all"
+
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL_CFLAGS="-v"
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL_CXXFLAGS="+w"
+
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS_C=""
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX=""
       ;;
+
     gcc)
       DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-Wno-"
       BUILD_CC_DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-Wno-"
       CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-Werror"
+
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL="-Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2"
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM="-Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare -Wunused-function -Wundef -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual -Wreturn-type"
+
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS="unused-parameter unused"
+
       ;;
+
     clang)
       DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-Wno-"
+      BUILD_CC_DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-Wno-"
       CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-Werror"
+
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL="-Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2"
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM="-Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare -Wunused-function -Wundef -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual"
+
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS="unused-parameter unused"
       ;;
+
     xlc)
       DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-qsuppress="
       CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-qhalt=w"
+
+      # Possibly a better subset than "all" is "lan:trx:ret:zea:cmp:ret"
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL="-qinfo=all -qformat=all"
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS=""
       ;;
   esac
   AC_SUBST(DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX)
   AC_SUBST(BUILD_CC_DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX)
   AC_SUBST(CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS)
+  AC_SUBST(DISABLED_WARNINGS)
+  AC_SUBST(DISABLED_WARNINGS_C)
+  AC_SUBST(DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX)
 ])
 
 AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_QUALITY_CHECKS],
@@ -521,11 +559,14 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_CFLAGS_HELPER],
       TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK_CONLY="-fno-strict-aliasing" # technically NOT for CXX
     fi
   elif test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xsolstudio; then
-    TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK="-mt"
-    TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK_CONLY="-xCC -Xa -v -W0,-noglobal" # C only
+    TOOLCHAIN_FLAGS="-errtags -errfmt"
+    TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS="-errshort=tags"
+
+    TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK="-mt $TOOLCHAIN_FLAGS"
+    TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK_CONLY="-xCC -Xa -W0,-noglobal $TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS" # C only
     TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK_CXXONLY="-features=no%except -norunpath -xnolib" # CXX only
     TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JVM="-template=no%extdef -features=no%split_init \
-        -library=stlport4 -mt -features=no%except"
+        -library=stlport4 -mt -features=no%except $TOOLCHAIN_FLAGS"
     if test "x$DEBUG_LEVEL" = xslowdebug; then
       # Previously -g was used instead of -g0 for slowdebug; this is equivalent
       # to setting +d.
@@ -533,6 +574,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_CFLAGS_HELPER],
     fi
 
   elif test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xxlc; then
+    # Suggested additions: -qsrcmsg to get improved error reporting
     # set -qtbtable=full for a better traceback table/better stacks in hs_err when xlc16 is used
     TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JDK="-qtbtable=full -qchars=signed -qfullpath -qsaveopt -qstackprotect"  # add on both CFLAGS
     TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS_JVM="-qtbtable=full -qtune=balanced \
@@ -544,37 +586,26 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_CFLAGS_HELPER],
 
   # CFLAGS WARNINGS STUFF
   # Set JVM_CFLAGS warning handling
-  if test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xgcc || test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xclang; then
-    # COMMON to gcc and clang
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="-Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare -Wunused-function"
-    if ! HOTSPOT_CHECK_JVM_VARIANT(zero); then
-      # Non-zero builds have stricter warnings
-      WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM -Wundef -Wformat=2"
-    fi
-
-  fi
   if test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xgcc; then
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused -Wno-unused-parameter -Wformat=2"
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual"
+    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL"
+    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL $WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM"
 
-    if ! HOTSPOT_CHECK_JVM_VARIANT(zero); then
-      # Non-zero builds have stricter warnings
-      WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM -Wreturn-type"
-    fi
   elif test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xclang; then
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM -Wno-deprecated"
     if test "x$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = xlinux; then
-      WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM -Wno-sometimes-uninitialized"
-      WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused -Wno-unused-parameter -Wformat=2"
+      WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL"
+    else
+      WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="" # currently left empty
     fi
+    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL $WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM"
+
   elif test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xsolstudio; then
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK_CONLY="-errshort=tags"
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK_CXXONLY="+w"
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="-errtags=yes -errfmt"
+    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK_CONLY="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL_CFLAGS"
+    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK_CXXONLY="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL_CXXFLAGS"
+    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="" # currently left empty
   elif test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xmicrosoft; then
-    WARNING_CFLAGS="-W3"
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JDK="-wd4800"
-    WARNING_CFLAGS_JVM="-wd4800"
+    WARNING_CFLAGS="$WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL"
+  elif test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xxlc; then
+    WARNING_CFLAGS=""  # currently left empty
   fi
 
   # Set some additional per-OS defines.

make/autoconf/flags-ldflags.m4

@@ -137,6 +137,14 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_LDFLAGS_HELPER],
     fi
   fi
 
+  # Setup warning flags
+  if test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xsolstudio; then
+    LDFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-Wl,-z,fatal-warnings"
+  else
+    LDFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS=""
+  fi
+  AC_SUBST(LDFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS)
+
   # Setup LDFLAGS for linking executables
   if test "x$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" = xgcc; then
     EXECUTABLE_LDFLAGS="$EXECUTABLE_LDFLAGS -Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined"

make/autoconf/help.m4

@@ -40,21 +40,21 @@ AC_DEFUN([HELP_MSG_MISSING_DEPENDENCY],
     PKGHANDLER_COMMAND=
 
     case $PKGHANDLER in
-      apt-get)
+      *apt-get)
         apt_help     $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      yum)
+      *yum)
         yum_help     $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      brew)
+      *brew)
         brew_help    $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      port)
+      *port)
         port_help    $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      pkgutil)
+      *pkgutil)
         pkgutil_help $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      pkgadd)
+      *pkgadd)
         pkgadd_help  $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      pacman)
+      *pacman)
         pacman_help  $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
-      apk)
+      *apk)
         apk_help     $MISSING_DEPENDENCY ;;
     esac
 

make/autoconf/hotspot.m4

@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([HOTSPOT_SETUP_JVM_FEATURES],
     fi
   else
       DISABLED_JVM_FEATURES="$DISABLED_JVM_FEATURES shenandoahgc"
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, must be manually enabled --with-jvm-features=shenandoahgc])
   fi
 
   # Only enable ZGC on supported platforms

make/autoconf/jdk-options.m4

@@ -521,45 +521,6 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([JDKOPT_SETUP_JLINK_OPTIONS],
   AC_SUBST(JLINK_KEEP_PACKAGED_MODULES)
 ])
 
-################################################################################
-#
-# Check if building of the jtreg failure handler should be enabled.
-#
-AC_DEFUN_ONCE([JDKOPT_ENABLE_DISABLE_FAILURE_HANDLER],
-[
-  AC_ARG_ENABLE([jtreg-failure-handler], [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-jtreg-failure-handler],
-    [forces build of the jtreg failure handler to be enabled, missing dependencies
-     become fatal errors. Default is auto, where the failure handler is built if all
-     dependencies are present and otherwise just disabled.])])
-
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([if jtreg failure handler should be built])
-
-  if test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "xyes"; then
-    if test "x$JT_HOME" = "x"; then
-      AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot enable jtreg failure handler without jtreg.])
-    else
-      BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=true
-      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes, forced])
-    fi
-  elif test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "xno"; then
-    BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=false
-    AC_MSG_RESULT([no, forced])
-  elif test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "xauto" \
-      || test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "x"; then
-    if test "x$JT_HOME" = "x"; then
-      BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=false
-      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, missing jtreg])
-    else
-      BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=true
-      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes, jtreg present])
-    fi
-  else
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([Invalid value for --enable-jtreg-failure-handler: $enable_jtreg_failure_handler])
-  fi
-
-  AC_SUBST(BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER)
-])
-
 ################################################################################
 #
 # Enable or disable generation of the classlist at build time

make/autoconf/lib-tests.m4

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2018, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@
 # questions.
 #
 
+################################################################################
+# Setup libraries and functionalities needed to test the JDK.
+################################################################################
+
+# Minimum supported version
+JTREG_MINIMUM_VERSION=7.3.1
+
 ###############################################################################
 #
 # Check for graalunit libs, needed for running graalunit tests.
@@ -54,3 +61,208 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([LIB_TESTS_SETUP_GRAALUNIT],
   UTIL_FIXUP_PATH([GRAALUNIT_LIB])
   AC_SUBST(GRAALUNIT_LIB)
 ])
+
+# Setup the JTReg Regression Test Harness.
+AC_DEFUN_ONCE([LIB_TESTS_SETUP_JTREG],
+[
+  AC_ARG_WITH(jtreg, [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jtreg],
+      [Regression Test Harness @<:@probed@:>@])])
+
+  if test "x$with_jtreg" = xno; then
+    # jtreg disabled
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg test harness])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([no, disabled])
+  elif test "x$with_jtreg" != xyes && test "x$with_jtreg" != x; then
+    # An explicit path is specified, use it.
+    JT_HOME="$with_jtreg"
+    UTIL_FIXUP_PATH([JT_HOME])
+    if test ! -d "$JT_HOME"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg home directory from --with-jtreg=$with_jtreg does not exist])
+    fi
+
+    if test ! -e "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg home directory from --with-jtreg=$with_jtreg is not a valid jtreg home])
+    fi
+
+    JTREGEXE="$JT_HOME/bin/jtreg"
+    if test ! -x "$JTREGEXE"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg home directory from --with-jtreg=$with_jtreg does not contain valid jtreg executable])
+    fi
+
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg test harness])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([$JT_HOME])
+  else
+    # Try to locate jtreg
+    if test "x$JT_HOME" != x; then
+      # JT_HOME set in environment, use it
+      if test ! -d "$JT_HOME"; then
+        AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring JT_HOME pointing to invalid directory: $JT_HOME])
+        JT_HOME=
+      else
+        if test ! -e "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
+          AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring JT_HOME which is not a valid jtreg home: $JT_HOME])
+          JT_HOME=
+        elif test ! -x "$JT_HOME/bin/jtreg"; then
+          AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring JT_HOME which does not contain valid jtreg executable: $JT_HOME])
+          JT_HOME=
+        else
+          JTREGEXE="$JT_HOME/bin/jtreg"
+          AC_MSG_NOTICE([Located jtreg using JT_HOME from environment])
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+
+    if test "x$JT_HOME" = x; then
+      # JT_HOME is not set in environment, or was deemed invalid.
+      # Try to find jtreg on path
+      UTIL_LOOKUP_PROGS(JTREGEXE, jtreg)
+      if test "x$JTREGEXE" != x; then
+        # That's good, now try to derive JT_HOME
+        JT_HOME=`(cd $($DIRNAME $JTREGEXE)/.. && pwd)`
+        if test ! -e "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
+          AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring jtreg from path since a valid jtreg home cannot be found])
+          JT_HOME=
+          JTREGEXE=
+        else
+          AC_MSG_NOTICE([Located jtreg using jtreg executable in path])
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg test harness])
+    if test "x$JT_HOME" != x; then
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([$JT_HOME])
+    else
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, not found])
+
+      if test "x$with_jtreg" = xyes; then
+        AC_MSG_ERROR([--with-jtreg was specified, but no jtreg found.])
+      fi
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  UTIL_FIXUP_EXECUTABLE(JTREGEXE)
+  UTIL_FIXUP_PATH(JT_HOME)
+  AC_SUBST(JT_HOME)
+
+  # Specify a JDK for running jtreg. Defaults to the BOOT_JDK.
+  AC_ARG_WITH(jtreg-jdk, [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jdk],
+    [path to JDK for running jtreg @<:@BOOT_JDK@:>@])])
+
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg jdk])
+  if test "x${with_jtreg_jdk}" != x; then
+    if test "x${with_jtreg_jdk}" = xno; then
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, jtreg jdk not specified])
+    elif test "x${with_jtreg_jdk}" = xyes; then
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([not specified])
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([--with-jtreg-jdk needs a value])
+    else
+      JTREG_JDK="${with_jtreg_jdk}"
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([$JTREG_JDK])
+      UTIL_FIXUP_PATH(JTREG_JDK)
+      if test ! -f "$JTREG_JDK/bin/java"; then
+        AC_MSG_ERROR([Could not find jtreg java at $JTREG_JDK/bin/java])
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    JTREG_JDK="${BOOT_JDK}"
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([no, using BOOT_JDK])
+  fi
+
+  UTIL_FIXUP_PATH(JTREG_JDK)
+  AC_SUBST([JTREG_JDK])
+  # For use in the configure script
+  JTREG_JAVA="$FIXPATH $JTREG_JDK/bin/java"
+
+  # Verify jtreg version
+  if test "x$JT_HOME" != x; then
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([jtreg jar existence])
+    if test ! -f "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([Could not find jtreg jar at $JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar])
+    fi
+
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([jtreg version number])
+    # jtreg -version looks like this: "jtreg 6.1+1-19"
+    # Extract actual version part ("6.1" in this case)
+    jtreg_version_full=$($JTREG_JAVA -jar $JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar -version | $HEAD -n 1 | $CUT -d ' ' -f 2)
+
+    jtreg_version=${jtreg_version_full/%+*}
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([$jtreg_version])
+
+    # This is a simplified version of TOOLCHAIN_CHECK_COMPILER_VERSION
+    comparable_actual_version=`$AWK -F. '{ printf("%05d%05d%05d%05d\n", [$]1, [$]2, [$]3, [$]4) }' <<< "$jtreg_version"`
+    comparable_minimum_version=`$AWK -F. '{ printf("%05d%05d%05d%05d\n", [$]1, [$]2, [$]3, [$]4) }' <<< "$JTREG_MINIMUM_VERSION"`
+    if test $comparable_actual_version -lt $comparable_minimum_version ; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg version is too old, at least version $JTREG_MINIMUM_VERSION is required])
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  AC_SUBST(JTREGEXE)
+])
+
+# Setup the JIB dependency resolver
+AC_DEFUN_ONCE([LIB_TESTS_SETUP_JIB],
+[
+  AC_ARG_WITH(jib, [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jib],
+      [Jib dependency management tool @<:@not used@:>@])])
+
+  if test "x$with_jib" = xno || test "x$with_jib" = x; then
+    # jib disabled
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jib])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+  elif test "x$with_jib" = xyes; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([Must supply a value to --with-jib])
+  else
+    JIB_HOME="${with_jib}"
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jib])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(${JIB_HOME})
+    if test ! -d "${JIB_HOME}"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([--with-jib must be a directory])
+    fi
+    JIB_JAR=$(ls ${JIB_HOME}/lib/jib-*.jar)
+    if test ! -f "${JIB_JAR}"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([Could not find jib jar file in ${JIB_HOME}])
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  AC_SUBST(JIB_HOME)
+])
+
+################################################################################
+#
+# Check if building of the jtreg failure handler should be enabled.
+#
+AC_DEFUN_ONCE([LIB_TESTS_ENABLE_DISABLE_FAILURE_HANDLER],
+[
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE([jtreg-failure-handler], [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-jtreg-failure-handler],
+    [forces build of the jtreg failure handler to be enabled, missing dependencies
+     become fatal errors. Default is auto, where the failure handler is built if all
+     dependencies are present and otherwise just disabled.])])
+
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([if jtreg failure handler should be built])
+
+  if test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "xyes"; then
+    if test "x$JT_HOME" = "x"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot enable jtreg failure handler without jtreg.])
+    else
+      BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=true
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes, forced])
+    fi
+  elif test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "xno"; then
+    BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=false
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([no, forced])
+  elif test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "xauto" \
+      || test "x$enable_jtreg_failure_handler" = "x"; then
+    if test "x$JT_HOME" = "x"; then
+      BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=false
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, missing jtreg])
+    else
+      BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER=true
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([yes, jtreg present])
+    fi
+  else
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([Invalid value for --enable-jtreg-failure-handler: $enable_jtreg_failure_handler])
+  fi
+
+  AC_SUBST(BUILD_FAILURE_HANDLER)
+])

make/autoconf/libraries.m4

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([LIB_SETUP_LIBRARIES],
   if test "x$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = xwindows; then
     BASIC_JVM_LIBS="$BASIC_JVM_LIBS kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib \
         comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib \
-        wsock32.lib winmm.lib version.lib psapi.lib"
+        ws2_32.lib winmm.lib version.lib psapi.lib"
   fi
 
   JDKLIB_LIBS="$BASIC_JDKLIB_LIBS"

make/autoconf/spec.gmk.in

@@ -469,6 +469,10 @@ CXX_FLAG_DEPS:=@CXX_FLAG_DEPS@
 
 DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX := @DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX@
 CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS:=@CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS@
+LDFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS:=@LDFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS@
+DISABLED_WARNINGS := @DISABLED_WARNINGS@
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_C := @DISABLED_WARNINGS_C@
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX := @DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX@
 
 # A global flag (true or false) determining if native warnings are considered errors.
 WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS := @WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS@
@@ -648,6 +652,9 @@ SJAVAC_SERVER_JAVA = $(SJAVAC_SERVER_JAVA_CMD) \
 # overriding that value by using ?=.
 JAVAC_FLAGS? = @JAVAC_FLAGS@
 
+JTREG_JDK := @JTREG_JDK@
+JTREG_JAVA = @FIXPATH@ $(JTREG_JDK)/bin/java $(JAVA_FLAGS_BIG) $(JAVA_FLAGS)
+
 BUILD_JAVA_FLAGS := @BOOTCYCLE_JVM_ARGS_BIG@
 BUILD_JAVA=@FIXPATH@ $(BUILD_JDK)/bin/java $(BUILD_JAVA_FLAGS)
 BUILD_JAR=@FIXPATH@ $(BUILD_JDK)/bin/jar

make/autoconf/toolchain.m4

@@ -1061,116 +1061,3 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([TOOLCHAIN_MISC_CHECKS],
   fi
   AC_SUBST(HOTSPOT_TOOLCHAIN_TYPE)
 ])
-
-# Setup the JTReg Regression Test Harness.
-AC_DEFUN_ONCE([TOOLCHAIN_SETUP_JTREG],
-[
-  AC_ARG_WITH(jtreg, [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jtreg],
-      [Regression Test Harness @<:@probed@:>@])])
-
-  if test "x$with_jtreg" = xno; then
-    # jtreg disabled
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg test harness])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT([no, disabled])
-  elif test "x$with_jtreg" != xyes && test "x$with_jtreg" != x; then
-    # An explicit path is specified, use it.
-    JT_HOME="$with_jtreg"
-    UTIL_FIXUP_PATH([JT_HOME])
-    if test ! -d "$JT_HOME"; then
-      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg home directory from --with-jtreg=$with_jtreg does not exist])
-    fi
-
-    if test ! -e "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
-      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg home directory from --with-jtreg=$with_jtreg is not a valid jtreg home])
-    fi
-
-    JTREGEXE="$JT_HOME/bin/jtreg"
-    if test ! -x "$JTREGEXE"; then
-      AC_MSG_ERROR([jtreg home directory from --with-jtreg=$with_jtreg does not contain valid jtreg executable])
-    fi
-
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg test harness])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT([$JT_HOME])
-  else
-    # Try to locate jtreg
-    if test "x$JT_HOME" != x; then
-      # JT_HOME set in environment, use it
-      if test ! -d "$JT_HOME"; then
-        AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring JT_HOME pointing to invalid directory: $JT_HOME])
-        JT_HOME=
-      else
-        if test ! -e "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
-          AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring JT_HOME which is not a valid jtreg home: $JT_HOME])
-          JT_HOME=
-        elif test ! -x "$JT_HOME/bin/jtreg"; then
-          AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring JT_HOME which does not contain valid jtreg executable: $JT_HOME])
-          JT_HOME=
-        else
-          JTREGEXE="$JT_HOME/bin/jtreg"
-          AC_MSG_NOTICE([Located jtreg using JT_HOME from environment])
-        fi
-      fi
-    fi
-
-    if test "x$JT_HOME" = x; then
-      # JT_HOME is not set in environment, or was deemed invalid.
-      # Try to find jtreg on path
-      UTIL_LOOKUP_PROGS(JTREGEXE, jtreg)
-      if test "x$JTREGEXE" != x; then
-        # That's good, now try to derive JT_HOME
-        JT_HOME=`(cd $($DIRNAME $JTREGEXE)/.. && pwd)`
-        if test ! -e "$JT_HOME/lib/jtreg.jar"; then
-          AC_MSG_WARN([Ignoring jtreg from path since a valid jtreg home cannot be found])
-          JT_HOME=
-          JTREGEXE=
-        else
-          AC_MSG_NOTICE([Located jtreg using jtreg executable in path])
-        fi
-      fi
-    fi
-
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jtreg test harness])
-    if test "x$JT_HOME" != x; then
-      AC_MSG_RESULT([$JT_HOME])
-    else
-      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, not found])
-
-      if test "x$with_jtreg" = xyes; then
-        AC_MSG_ERROR([--with-jtreg was specified, but no jtreg found.])
-      fi
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  UTIL_FIXUP_EXECUTABLE(JTREGEXE)
-  UTIL_FIXUP_PATH(JT_HOME)
-  AC_SUBST(JT_HOME)
-  AC_SUBST(JTREGEXE)
-])
-
-# Setup the JIB dependency resolver
-AC_DEFUN_ONCE([TOOLCHAIN_SETUP_JIB],
-[
-  AC_ARG_WITH(jib, [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jib],
-      [Jib dependency management tool @<:@not used@:>@])])
-
-  if test "x$with_jib" = xno || test "x$with_jib" = x; then
-    # jib disabled
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jib])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
-  elif test "x$with_jib" = xyes; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([Must supply a value to --with-jib])
-  else
-    JIB_HOME="${with_jib}"
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for jib])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT(${JIB_HOME})
-    if test ! -d "${JIB_HOME}"; then
-      AC_MSG_ERROR([--with-jib must be a directory])
-    fi
-    JIB_JAR=$(ls ${JIB_HOME}/lib/jib-*.jar)
-    if test ! -f "${JIB_JAR}"; then
-      AC_MSG_ERROR([Could not find jib jar file in ${JIB_HOME}])
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  AC_SUBST(JIB_HOME)
-])

make/autoconf/version-numbers

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2011, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2011, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
 
 DEFAULT_VERSION_FEATURE=11
 DEFAULT_VERSION_INTERIM=0
-DEFAULT_VERSION_UPDATE=23
+DEFAULT_VERSION_UPDATE=26
 DEFAULT_VERSION_PATCH=0
 DEFAULT_VERSION_EXTRA1=0
 DEFAULT_VERSION_EXTRA2=0
 DEFAULT_VERSION_EXTRA3=0
-DEFAULT_VERSION_DATE=2024-04-16
+DEFAULT_VERSION_DATE=2025-01-21
 DEFAULT_VERSION_CLASSFILE_MAJOR=55  # "`$EXPR $DEFAULT_VERSION_FEATURE + 44`"
 DEFAULT_VERSION_CLASSFILE_MINOR=0
 DEFAULT_ACCEPTABLE_BOOT_VERSIONS="10 11"

make/common/MakeBase.gmk

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2011, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2011, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -153,6 +153,10 @@ define SetupLogging
     endif
   endif
 
+  ifneq ($$(findstring $$(LOG_LEVEL), debug trace),)
+    SHELL := $$(SHELL) -x
+  endif
+
   ifeq ($$(LOG_LEVEL), trace)
     SHELL_NO_RECURSE := $$(SHELL)
     # Shell redefinition trick inspired by http://www.cmcrossroads.com/ask-mr-make/6535-tracing-rule-execution-in-gnu-make

make/common/NativeCompilation.gmk

@@ -747,9 +747,13 @@ define SetupNativeCompilationBody
   # Pick up disabled warnings, if possible on this platform.
   ifneq ($(DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX), )
     $1_EXTRA_CFLAGS += $$(addprefix $(DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX), \
+        $$(DISABLED_WARNINGS) \
+        $$(DISABLED_WARNINGS_C) \
         $$($1_DISABLED_WARNINGS_$(TOOLCHAIN_TYPE)) \
         $$($1_DISABLED_WARNINGS_C_$(TOOLCHAIN_TYPE)))
     $1_EXTRA_CXXFLAGS += $$(addprefix $(DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX), \
+        $$(DISABLED_WARNINGS) \
+        $$(DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX) \
         $$($1_DISABLED_WARNINGS_$(TOOLCHAIN_TYPE)) \
         $$($1_DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX_$(TOOLCHAIN_TYPE)))
   endif
@@ -767,6 +771,7 @@ define SetupNativeCompilationBody
   ifeq ($$($1_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS_$(TOOLCHAIN_TYPE)), true)
     $1_EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS)
     $1_EXTRA_CXXFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS)
+    $1_EXTRA_LDFLAGS += $(LDFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS)
   endif
 
   ifeq (NONE, $$($1_OPTIMIZATION))
@@ -975,8 +980,8 @@ define SetupNativeCompilationBody
 
   # Pickup extra OPENJDK_TARGET_OS_TYPE and/or OPENJDK_TARGET_OS dependent variables
   # for LDFLAGS and LIBS
-  $1_EXTRA_LDFLAGS := $$($1_LDFLAGS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS_TYPE)) $$($1_LDFLAGS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS))
-  $1_EXTRA_LIBS := $$($1_LIBS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS_TYPE)) $$($1_LIBS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS))
+  $1_EXTRA_LDFLAGS += $$($1_LDFLAGS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS_TYPE)) $$($1_LDFLAGS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS))
+  $1_EXTRA_LIBS += $$($1_LIBS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS_TYPE)) $$($1_LIBS_$(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS))
   ifneq ($$($1_REAL_MAPFILE), )
     $1_EXTRA_LDFLAGS += $(call SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_MAPFILE,$$($1_REAL_MAPFILE))
   endif
@@ -1214,11 +1219,15 @@ define SetupNativeCompilationBody
 		    $$($1_MT) -nologo -manifest $$($1_MANIFEST) -identity:"$$($1_NAME).exe, version=$$($1_MANIFEST_VERSION)" -outputresource:$$@;#1
                   endif
                 endif
-                # On macosx, optionally run codesign on every binary
+                # On macosx, optionally run codesign on every binary.
+                # Remove signature explicitly first to avoid warnings if the linker
+                # added a default adhoc signature.
                 ifeq ($(MACOSX_CODESIGN_MODE), hardened)
+		  $(CODESIGN) --remove-signature $$@
 		  $(CODESIGN) -f -s "$(MACOSX_CODESIGN_IDENTITY)" --timestamp --options runtime \
 		      --entitlements $$(call GetEntitlementsFile, $$@) $$@
                 else ifeq ($(MACOSX_CODESIGN_MODE), debug)
+		  $(CODESIGN) --remove-signature $$@
 		  $(CODESIGN) -f -s - --entitlements $$(call GetEntitlementsFile, $$@) $$@
                 endif
   endif

make/conf/github-actions.conf

@@ -26,16 +26,16 @@
 # Versions and download locations for dependencies used by GitHub Actions (GHA)
 
 GTEST_VERSION=1.8.1
-JTREG_VERSION=6.1+3
+JTREG_VERSION=7.3.1+1
 
 LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=tar.gz
-LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.18%2B10/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.18_10.tar.gz
-LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=4a29efda1d702b8ff38e554cf932051f40ec70006caed5c4857a8cbc7a0b7db7
+LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.23%2B9/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.23_9.tar.gz
+LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=23e47ea7a3015be3240f21185fd902adebdcf76530757c9b482c7eb5bd3417c2
 
 WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=zip
-WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.18%2B10/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_windows_hotspot_11.0.18_10.zip
-WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=0cfa5991a8e372b3f8eacacbb2a336663ead0cc6ec9c9ab6cd53206602fb0062
+WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.23%2B9/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_windows_hotspot_11.0.23_9.zip
+WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=d7a9f8ceee9a5785dcbbcbec20a07b1366efec59ba652ef7e03f6f7d10f52b85
 
 MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=tar.gz
-MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.18%2B10/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_mac_hotspot_11.0.18_10.tar.gz
-MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=75d79315d7265cc4b89fd9e844161ff90798bc6482ace8c1ac75f862a5b3b565
+MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.23%2B9/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_mac_hotspot_11.0.23_9.tar.gz
+MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=4dbd21d9a0311d321f5886eda50c3086026ed61d02e1a85f7b8c2e9ad557bf03

make/conf/jib-profiles.js

@@ -941,9 +941,9 @@ var getJibProfilesDependencies = function (input, common) {
         jtreg: {
             server: "jpg",
             product: "jtreg",
-            version: "6",
+            version: "7.3.1",
             build_number: "1",
-            file: "bundles/jtreg-6+1.zip",
+            file: "bundles/jtreg-7.3.1+1.zip",
             environment_name: "JT_HOME",
             environment_path: input.get("jtreg", "install_path") + "/jtreg/bin"
         },

make/data/cacerts/globalsigne46

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Owner: CN=GlobalSign Root E46, O=GlobalSign nv-sa, C=BE
+Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46, O=GlobalSign nv-sa, C=BE
+Serial number: 11d2bbba336ed4bce62468c50d841d98e843
+Valid from: Wed Mar 20 00:00:00 GMT 2019 until: Tue Mar 20 00:00:00 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withECDSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 384-bit EC (secp384r1) key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/globalsignr46

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Owner: CN=GlobalSign Root R46, O=GlobalSign nv-sa, C=BE
+Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46, O=GlobalSign nv-sa, C=BE
+Serial number: 11d2bbb9d723189e405f0a9d2dd0df2567d1
+Valid from: Wed Mar 20 00:00:00 GMT 2019 until: Tue Mar 20 00:00:00 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withRSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/ssltlsrootecc2022

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Owner: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022, O=SSL Corporation, C=US
+Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022, O=SSL Corporation, C=US
+Serial number: 1403f5abfb378b17405be243b2a5d1c4
+Valid from: Thu Aug 25 16:33:48 GMT 2022 until: Sun Aug 19 16:33:47 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withECDSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 384-bit EC (secp384r1) key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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==
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/ssltlsrootrsa2022

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Owner: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022, O=SSL Corporation, C=US
+Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022, O=SSL Corporation, C=US
+Serial number: 6fbedaad73bd0840e28b4dbed4f75b91
+Valid from: Thu Aug 25 16:34:22 GMT 2022 until: Sun Aug 19 16:34:21 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/currency/CurrencyData.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ formatVersion=3
 # Version of the currency code information in this class.
 # It is a serial number that accompanies with each amendment.
 
-dataVersion=176
+dataVersion=177
 
 # List of all valid ISO 4217 currency codes.
 # To ensure compatibility, do not remove codes.
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ all=ADP020-AED784-AFA004-AFN971-ALL008-AMD051-ANG532-AOA973-ARS032-ATS040-AUD036
     TPE626-TRL792-TRY949-TTD780-TWD901-TZS834-UAH980-UGX800-USD840-USN997-USS998-UYI940-\
     UYU858-UZS860-VEB862-VED926-VEF937-VES928-VND704-VUV548-WST882-XAF950-XAG961-XAU959-XBA955-\
     XBB956-XBC957-XBD958-XCD951-XCG532-XDR960-XFO000-XFU000-XOF952-XPD964-XPF953-\
-    XPT962-XSU994-XTS963-XUA965-XXX999-YER886-YUM891-ZAR710-ZMK894-ZMW967-ZWD716-ZWL932-\
-    ZWN942-ZWR935
+    XPT962-XSU994-XTS963-XUA965-XXX999-YER886-YUM891-ZAR710-ZMK894-ZMW967-ZWD716-ZWG924-\
+    ZWL932-ZWN942-ZWR935
 
 
 # Mappings from ISO 3166 country codes to ISO 4217 currency codes.
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ YE=YER
 # ZAMBIA
 ZM=ZMW
 # ZIMBABWE
-ZW=ZWL
+ZW=ZWG
 
 
 # List of currencies with non-2digit decimals for minor units,

make/data/lsrdata/language-subtag-registry.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-File-Date: 2022-08-08
+File-Date: 2024-06-14
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: aa
@@ -882,6 +882,7 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: sa
 Description: Sanskrit
 Added: 2005-10-16
+Scope: macrolanguage
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: sc
@@ -2143,6 +2144,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: ajp
 Description: South Levantine Arabic
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: apc
 Macrolanguage: ar
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -2790,7 +2793,7 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: apc
-Description: North Levantine Arabic
+Description: Levantine Arabic
 Added: 2009-07-29
 Macrolanguage: ar
 %%
@@ -8026,6 +8029,12 @@ Description: Lowland Oaxaca Chontal
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: cls
+Description: Classical Sanskrit
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Macrolanguage: sa
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: clt
 Description: Lautu Chin
 Added: 2012-08-12
@@ -8910,6 +8919,11 @@ Description: Kuwaataay
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: cxh
+Description: Cha'ari
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: cya
 Description: Nopala Chatino
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -9388,6 +9402,7 @@ Macrolanguage: doi
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: dgr
+Description: Tlicho
 Description: Dogrib
 Description: Tłı̨chǫ
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -10176,6 +10191,11 @@ Description: Disa
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: dsk
+Description: Dokshi
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: dsl
 Description: Danish Sign Language
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -10503,6 +10523,11 @@ Description: Jola-Fonyi
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: dyr
+Description: Dyarim
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: dyu
 Description: Dyula
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -10522,7 +10547,6 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: dzd
 Description: Daza
 Added: 2009-07-29
-Deprecated: 2015-02-12
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: dze
@@ -11146,6 +11170,11 @@ Description: Semimi
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: eud
+Description: Eudeve
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: euq
 Description: Basque (family)
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -14805,6 +14834,11 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 Macrolanguage: iu
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: ikh
+Description: Ikhin-Arokho
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: iki
 Description: Iko
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -15222,6 +15256,11 @@ Description: Isu (Menchum Division)
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: isv
+Description: Interslavic
+Added: 2024-05-15
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: itb
 Description: Binongan Itneg
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -15380,6 +15419,11 @@ Deprecated: 2013-09-10
 Comments: see eza, gmz, iqw, izz
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: izm
+Description: Kizamani
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: izr
 Description: Izere
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -16922,6 +16966,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: kgm
 Description: Karipúna
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: plu
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: kgn
@@ -18339,7 +18385,7 @@ Scope: collection
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: krp
-Description: Korop
+Description: Durop
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -18392,6 +18438,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: ksa
 Description: Shuwa-Zamani
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Comments: see izm, rsw
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: ksb
@@ -19476,7 +19524,7 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: lag
-Description: Langi
+Description: Rangi
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -20011,6 +20059,12 @@ Description: Lengo
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: lgs
+Description: Guinea-Bissau Sign Language
+Description: Língua Gestual Guineense
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: lgt
 Description: Pahi
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -20655,6 +20709,7 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: loh
+Description: Laarim
 Description: Narim
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
@@ -21129,6 +21184,11 @@ Description: Lavukaleve
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: lvl
+Description: Lwel
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: lvs
 Description: Standard Latvian
 Added: 2010-03-11
@@ -26188,6 +26248,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: nom
 Description: Nocamán
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: cbr
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: non
@@ -26378,6 +26440,7 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: nrf
 Description: Jèrriais
 Description: Guernésiais
+Description: Sercquiais
 Added: 2015-02-12
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -27087,6 +27150,11 @@ Description: Zeme Naga
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: nzr
+Description: Dir-Nyamzak-Mbarimi
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: nzs
 Description: New Zealand Sign Language
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -28845,6 +28913,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: plj
 Description: Polci
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Comments: see nzr, pze, uly, zlu
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: plk
@@ -28970,6 +29040,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: pmk
 Description: Pamlico
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: crr
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: pml
@@ -29446,6 +29518,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: prp
 Description: Parsi
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: gu
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: prq
@@ -29857,6 +29931,11 @@ Description: Pyen
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: pze
+Description: Pesse
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: pzh
 Description: Pazeh
 Added: 2022-02-25
@@ -30850,6 +30929,11 @@ Description: Ririo
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: rrm
+Description: Moriori
+Added: 2024-03-04
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: rro
 Description: Waima
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -30873,7 +30957,7 @@ Deprecated: 2017-02-23
 Type: language
 Subtag: rsk
 Description: Ruthenian
-Description: Rusyn
+Description: Rusnak
 Added: 2022-02-25
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -30892,6 +30976,11 @@ Description: Rwandan Sign Language
 Added: 2022-02-25
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: rsw
+Description: Rishiwa
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: rtc
 Description: Rungtu Chin
 Added: 2012-08-12
@@ -32328,6 +32417,7 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: slq
 Description: Salchuq
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: slr
@@ -33685,6 +33775,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: szd
 Description: Seru
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: umi
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: sze
@@ -35065,6 +35157,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: tmk
 Description: Northwestern Tamang
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: tdg
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: tml
@@ -35481,6 +35575,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: tpw
 Description: Tupí
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: tpn
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: tpx
@@ -36076,6 +36172,11 @@ Description: Te'un
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: tvi
+Description: Tulai
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: tvk
 Description: Southeast Ambrym
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -36727,6 +36828,11 @@ Description: Ulwa
 Added: 2010-03-11
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: uly
+Description: Buli
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: uma
 Description: Umatilla
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -37318,6 +37424,11 @@ Description: Iduna
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: vjk
+Description: Bajjika
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: vka
 Description: Kariyarra
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -37567,6 +37678,12 @@ Description: Venezuelan Sign Language
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: vsn
+Description: Vedic Sanskrit
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Macrolanguage: sa
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: vsv
 Description: Valencian Sign Language
 Description: Llengua de signes valenciana
@@ -38316,7 +38433,7 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: wnb
-Description: Wanambre
+Description: Mokati
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -38619,6 +38736,11 @@ Description: Wotapuri-Katarqalai
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: wtb
+Description: Matambwe
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: wtf
 Description: Watiwa
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -40085,6 +40207,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: xss
 Description: Assan
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: zko
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: xsu
@@ -40668,6 +40792,11 @@ Description: Chepya
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: ycr
+Description: Yilan Creole
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: yda
 Description: Yanda
 Added: 2013-09-10
@@ -40947,6 +41076,11 @@ Description: Northern Yukaghir
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: ykh
+Description: Khamnigan Mongol
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: yki
 Description: Yoke
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -41921,6 +42055,11 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 Macrolanguage: za
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: zem
+Description: Zeem
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: zen
 Description: Zenaga
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -42047,6 +42186,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: zkb
 Description: Koibal
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: kjh
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: zkd
@@ -42150,6 +42291,11 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 Scope: collection
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: zlu
+Description: Zul
+Added: 2023-03-17
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: zlw
 Description: West Slavic languages
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -42654,6 +42800,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: zua
 Description: Zeem
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
+Comments: see cxh, dsk, dyr, tvi, zem
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: zuh
@@ -42861,6 +43009,7 @@ Type: extlang
 Subtag: ajp
 Description: South Levantine Arabic
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2023-03-17
 Preferred-Value: ajp
 Prefix: ar
 Macrolanguage: ar
@@ -42874,7 +43023,7 @@ Prefix: sgn
 %%
 Type: extlang
 Subtag: apc
-Description: North Levantine Arabic
+Description: Levantine Arabic
 Added: 2009-07-29
 Preferred-Value: apc
 Prefix: ar
@@ -43695,6 +43844,14 @@ Prefix: ms
 Macrolanguage: ms
 %%
 Type: extlang
+Subtag: lgs
+Description: Guinea-Bissau Sign Language
+Description: Língua Gestual Guineense
+Added: 2023-03-17
+Preferred-Value: lgs
+Prefix: sgn
+%%
+Type: extlang
 Subtag: liw
 Description: Col
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -44747,6 +44904,11 @@ Description: Cherokee
 Added: 2005-10-16
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Chis
+Description: Chisoi
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Chrs
 Description: Chorasmian
 Added: 2019-09-11
@@ -44842,6 +45004,11 @@ Description: Ge'ez
 Added: 2005-10-16
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Gara
+Description: Garay
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Geok
 Description: Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri)
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -44887,6 +45054,11 @@ Description: Gujarati
 Added: 2005-10-16
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Gukh
+Description: Gurung Khema
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Guru
 Description: Gurmukhi
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -45057,6 +45229,11 @@ Description: Kpelle
 Added: 2010-04-10
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Krai
+Description: Kirat Rai
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Kthi
 Description: Kaithi
 Added: 2007-12-05
@@ -45304,6 +45481,11 @@ Description: Santali
 Added: 2006-07-21
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Onao
+Description: Ol Onal
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Orkh
 Description: Old Turkic
 Description: Orkhon Runic
@@ -45483,6 +45665,11 @@ Description: Siddhamātṛkā
 Added: 2013-12-02
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Sidt
+Description: Sidetic
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Sind
 Description: Khudawadi
 Description: Sindhi
@@ -45586,6 +45773,11 @@ Description: Tai Viet
 Added: 2007-12-05
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Tayo
+Description: Tai Yo
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Telu
 Description: Telugu
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -45634,11 +45826,26 @@ Description: Tangsa
 Added: 2021-03-05
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Todr
+Description: Todhri
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
+Subtag: Tols
+Description: Tolong Siki
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Toto
 Description: Toto
 Added: 2020-05-12
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Tutg
+Description: Tulu-Tigalari
+Added: 2023-10-16
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Ugar
 Description: Ugaritic
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -46013,6 +46220,11 @@ Description: Clipperton Island
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: region
+Subtag: CQ
+Description: Sark
+Added: 2023-02-07
+%%
+Type: region
 Subtag: CR
 Description: Costa Rica
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -47371,6 +47583,13 @@ Comments: Aluku dialect of the "Busi Nenge Tongo" English-based Creole
   continuum in Eastern Suriname and Western French Guiana
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: anpezo
+Description: Anpezo standard of Ladin
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: lld
+Comments: Represents the standard written form of Ladin in Anpezo
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: ao1990
 Description: Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Acordo
   Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990)
@@ -47474,6 +47693,23 @@ Added: 2010-07-28
 Prefix: sa
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: bciav
+Description: BCI Blissymbolics AV
+Added: 2023-05-11
+Prefix: zbl
+Comments: Name given to a subset of the variety of Blissymbolics curated
+  by Blissymbolics Communication International, as represented by
+  entries in the BCI Authorized Vocabulary
+%%
+Type: variant
+Subtag: bcizbl
+Description: BCI Blissymbolics
+Added: 2023-05-11
+Prefix: zbl
+Comments: Name given to the variety of Blissymbolics curated by
+  Blissymbolics Communication International
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: biscayan
 Description: Biscayan dialect of Basque
 Added: 2010-04-13
@@ -47489,6 +47725,15 @@ Comments: The dialect of San Giorgio/Bila is one of the four major local
   dialects of Resian
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: blasl
+Description: Black American Sign Language dialect
+Added: 2023-07-31
+Prefix: ase
+Prefix: sgn-ase
+Comments: Black American Sign Language (BASL) or Black Sign Variation
+  (BSV) is a dialect of American Sign Language (ASL)
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: bohoric
 Description: Slovene in Bohorič alphabet
 Added: 2012-06-27
@@ -47565,6 +47810,22 @@ Added: 2012-02-05
 Prefix: en
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: fascia
+Description: Fascia standard of Ladin
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: lld
+Comments: Represents the standard written form of Ladin in Fascia which
+  unified the three subvarieties Cazet, Brach and Moenat
+%%
+Type: variant
+Subtag: fodom
+Description: Fodom standard of Ladin
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: lld
+Comments: Represents the standard written form of Ladin in Livinallongo
+  and Colle Santa Lucia
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: fonipa
 Description: International Phonetic Alphabet
 Added: 2006-12-11
@@ -47605,6 +47866,13 @@ Prefix: oc
 Comments: Occitan variant spoken in Gascony
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: gherd
+Description: Gherdëina standard of Ladin
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: lld
+Comments: Represents the standard written form of Ladin in Gherdëina
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: grclass
 Description: Classical Occitan orthography
 Added: 2018-04-22
@@ -47741,7 +48009,9 @@ Type: variant
 Subtag: laukika
 Description: Classical Sanskrit
 Added: 2010-07-28
+Deprecated: 2024-06-08
 Prefix: sa
+Comments: Preferred tag is cls
 %%
 Type: variant
 Subtag: lemosin
@@ -47906,6 +48176,15 @@ Comments: Peano’s Interlingua, created in 1903 by Giuseppe Peano as an
 Added: 2020-03-12
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: pehoeji
+Description: Hokkien Vernacular Romanization System
+Description: Pe̍h-ōe-jī orthography/romanization
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: nan-Latn
+Comments: Modern Hokkien Vernacular Romanization System, evolved from
+  the New Dictionary in the Amoy by John Van Nest Talmage in 1894
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: petr1708
 Description: Petrine orthography
 Added: 2010-10-10
@@ -48040,6 +48319,16 @@ Added: 2021-07-17
 Prefix: da
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: tailo
+Description: Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization System for Hokkien
+  languages
+Description: Tâi-lô orthography/romanization
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: nan-Latn
+Comments: Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization System (Tâi-lô) published in
+  2006 by the Taiwan Ministry of Education
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: tarask
 Description: Belarusian in Taraskievica orthography
 Added: 2007-04-27
@@ -48098,9 +48387,20 @@ Type: variant
 Subtag: vaidika
 Description: Vedic Sanskrit
 Added: 2010-07-28
+Deprecated: 2024-06-08
 Prefix: sa
 Comments: The most ancient dialect of Sanskrit used in verse and prose
   composed until about the 4th century B.C.E.
+Comments: Preferred tag is vsn
+%%
+Type: variant
+Subtag: valbadia
+Description: Val Badia standard of Ladin
+Added: 2024-03-04
+Prefix: lld
+Comments: Represents the standard written form of Ladin in the Val
+  Badia, unifying the three variants Marô, Mesaval and Badiot spoken
+  in this valley
 %%
 Type: variant
 Subtag: valencia

make/data/tzdata/VERSION

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-tzdata2024a
+tzdata2024b

make/data/tzdata/africa

@@ -126,17 +126,16 @@ Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16
 
 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
-# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon).
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
+# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon.
+# Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
-			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
-			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
-			-1:00	-	-01
+			-2:00	-	%z	1942 Sep
+			-2:00	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	%z	1975 Nov 25  2:00
+			-1:00	-	%z
 
 # Chad
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -368,14 +367,12 @@ Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 
 # Guinea-Bissau
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
-# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
+# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
-			-1:00	-	-01	1975
+			-1:00	-	%z	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Comoros
@@ -440,10 +437,10 @@ Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1908 May
-			2:30	-	+0230	1928 Jun 30 24:00
+			2:30	-	%z	1928 Jun 30 24:00
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930 Jan  4 24:00
-			2:30	-	+0230	1936 Dec 31 24:00
-			2:45	-	+0245	1942 Jul 31 24:00
+			2:30	-	%z	1936 Dec 31 24:00
+			2:45	-	%z	1942 Jul 31 24:00
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Liberia
@@ -614,7 +611,7 @@ Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
-			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
+			4:00 Mauritius	%z
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
@@ -1094,10 +1091,10 @@ Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	May	11	 2:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
-			 1:00	-	+01	1986
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
+			 0:00	Morocco	%z	1984 Mar 16
+			 1:00	-	%z	1986
+			 0:00	Morocco	%z	2018 Oct 28  3:00
+			 1:00	Morocco	%z
 
 # Western Sahara
 #
@@ -1111,9 +1108,9 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
-			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
+			-1:00	-	%z	1976 Apr 14
+			 0:00	Morocco	%z	2018 Oct 28  3:00
+			 1:00	Morocco	%z
 
 # Botswana
 # Burundi
@@ -1124,13 +1121,27 @@ Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 # Zambia
 # Zimbabwe
 #
-# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
-# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# merely made it official?
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for
+# Europe/Lisbon.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24):
+# The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that
+# as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Lourenço Marques
+# (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT,
+# corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3.
+# Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321,
+# says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated
+# "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ...
+# exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich".
+# Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT,
+# evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before
+# the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary).
+# For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+		#STDOFF	2:10:18.3
+Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:18 -	LMT	1909
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Namibia
@@ -1195,7 +1206,7 @@ Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	-1:00	WAT
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
+			1:30	-	%z	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
@@ -1283,7 +1294,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:35 -	LMT	1905 Jul  1
 			0:00	-	GMT	1908 Jul  1
 			0:13:35	-	LMT	1914 Jan  1
-			0:30	-	+0030	1919 Sep  1
+			0:30	-	%z	1919 Sep  1
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # São Tomé and Príncipe

make/data/tzdata/antarctica

@@ -110,34 +110,34 @@
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	 0	-	-00	1969
-			 8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Oct 22
-			11:00	-	+11	2018 Mar 11  4:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2018 Oct  7  4:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2019 Mar 17  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2019 Oct  4  3:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2020 Mar  8  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2020 Oct  4  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11	2021 Mar 14  0:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2021 Oct  3  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11	2022 Mar 13  0:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2022 Oct  2  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11	2023 Mar  9  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08
+			 8:00	-	%z	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2010 Mar  5  2:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+			 8:00	-	%z	2016 Oct 22
+			11:00	-	%z	2018 Mar 11  4:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2018 Oct  7  4:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2019 Mar 17  3:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2019 Oct  4  3:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2020 Mar  8  3:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2020 Oct  4  0:01
+			11:00	-	%z	2021 Mar 14  0:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2021 Oct  3  0:01
+			11:00	-	%z	2022 Mar 13  0:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2022 Oct  2  0:01
+			11:00	-	%z	2023 Mar  9  3:00
+			 8:00	-	%z
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
+			7:00	-	%z	1964 Nov
 			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
-			7:00	-	+07
+			7:00	-	%z	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	%z	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
+			7:00	-	%z
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			6:00	-	%z	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # References:
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
@@ -313,10 +313,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
-			7:00	-	+07	1994 Feb
+			7:00	-	%z	1994 Feb
 			0	-	-00	1994 Nov
-			7:00	-	+07	2023 Dec 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			7:00	-	%z	2023 Dec 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107

make/data/tzdata/asia

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
-			4:00	-	+04	1945
-			4:30	-	+0430
+			4:00	-	%z	1945
+			4:30	-	%z
 
 # Armenia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
@@ -139,12 +139,12 @@ Rule Armenia	2011	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule Armenia	2011	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
-			4:00	-	+04	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2011
-			4:00	Armenia	+04/+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
+			4:00	-	%z	1997
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2011
+			4:00	Armenia	%z
 
 # Azerbaijan
 
@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
-			4:00	-	+04	1996
-			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
-			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
+			4:00	-	%z	1996
+			4:00	EUAsia	%z	1997
+			4:00	Azer	%z
 
 # Bangladesh
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
@@ -251,17 +251,17 @@ Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May 15
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
-			6:30	-	+0630	1951 Sep 30
-			6:00	-	+06	2009
-			6:00	Dhaka	+06/+07
+			6:30	-	%z	1942 May 15
+			5:30	-	%z	1942 Sep
+			6:30	-	%z	1951 Sep 30
+			6:00	-	%z	2009
+			6:00	Dhaka	%z
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
-			5:30	-	+0530	1987 Oct
-			6:00	-	+06
+			5:30	-	%z	1987 Oct
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
-			5:00	-	+05	1996
-			6:00	-	+06
+			5:00	-	%z	1996
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 # Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 # Myanmar (Burma)
@@ -288,9 +288,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:47 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:47	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon local time
-			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 May  3
-			6:30	-	+0630
+			6:30	-	%z	1942 May
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 May  3
+			6:30	-	%z
 
 # China
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
-			6:00	-	+06
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 # Hong Kong
 
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ Rule	Macau	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	03:30	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:10 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 			8:00	-	CST	1941 Dec 21 23:00
-			9:00	Macau	+09/+10	1945 Sep 30 24:00
+			9:00	Macau	%z	1945 Sep 30 24:00
 			8:00	Macau	C%sT
 
 
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT	2016 Sep  8
-			3:00	-	+03	2017 Oct 29 1:00u
+			3:00	-	%z	2017 Oct 29 1:00u
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
 
 # Georgia
@@ -1221,18 +1221,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
-			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
-			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
-			4:00	-	+04
+			3:00	-	%z	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia %z	1992
+			3:00 E-EurAsia	%z	1994 Sep lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	%z	1996 Oct lastSun
+			4:00	1:00	%z	1997 Mar lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	%z	2004 Jun 27
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
+			4:00	-	%z
 
 # East Timor
 
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# The 1912-01-01 transition occurred at 00:00 new time, per the 1911-05-24
+# Portuguese decree (see Europe/Lisbon).  A provision in article 5(c) of the
+# decree prescribed that Timor "will keep counting time in harmony with
+# neighboring foreign colonies, [for] as long as they do not adopt the time
+# that belongs to them in [the Washington Convention] system."
+
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
@@ -1256,11 +1263,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb 21 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	+08	2000 Sep 17  0:00
-			9:00	-	+09
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1911 Dec 31 16:00u
+			8:00	-	%z	1942 Feb 21 23:00
+			9:00	-	%z	1976 May  3
+			8:00	-	%z	2000 Sep 17  0:00
+			9:00	-	%z
 
 # India
 
@@ -1326,9 +1333,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1870	    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			5:21:10	-	MMT	1906 Jan  1 # Madras local time
 			5:30	-	IST	1941 Oct
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1942 May 15
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1942 May 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 #	Andaman Is
@@ -1380,33 +1387,33 @@ Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia
-			7:20	-	+0720	1932 Nov
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Mar 23
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
-			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
-			7:30	-	+0730	1964
+			7:20	-	%z	1932 Nov
+			7:30	-	%z	1942 Mar 23
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 23
+			7:30	-	%z	1948 May
+			8:00	-	%z	1950 May
+			7:30	-	%z	1964
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # west and central Borneo
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Jan 29
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
-			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
-			7:30	-	+0730	1964
+			7:30	-	%z	1942 Jan 29
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 23
+			7:30	-	%z	1948 May
+			8:00	-	%z	1950 May
+			7:30	-	%z	1964
 			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb  9
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
+			8:00	-	%z	1942 Feb  9
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 23
 			8:00	-	WITA
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	+09	1944 Sep  1
-			9:30	-	+0930	1964
+			9:00	-	%z	1944 Sep  1
+			9:30	-	%z	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
@@ -1642,9 +1649,9 @@ Rule	Iran	2021	2022	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
-			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00
-			4:00	Iran	+04/+05	1979
-			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430
+			3:30	Iran	%z	1977 Oct 20 24:00
+			4:00	Iran	%z	1979
+			3:30	Iran	%z
 
 
 # Iraq
@@ -1687,8 +1694,8 @@ Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
-			3:00	-	+03	1982 May
-			3:00	Iraq	+03/+04
+			3:00	-	%z	1982 May
+			3:00	Iraq	%z
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -2285,7 +2292,7 @@ Rule	Jordan	2022	only	-	Feb	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	2022 Oct 28 0:00s
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 
 # Kazakhstan
@@ -2496,88 +2503,88 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
 # This includes Abai/Abay (ISO 3166-2 code KZ-10), Aqmola/Akmola (KZ-11),
 # Almaty (KZ-19), Almaty city (KZ-75), Astana city (KZ-71),
-# East Kazkhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33),
+# East Kazakhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33),
 # Karaganda (KZ-35), North Kazakhstan (KZ-59), Pavlodar (KZ-55),
-# Shyumkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62).
+# Shymkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62).
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2024 Mar  1  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	%z	2024 Mar  1  0:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-43)
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2018 Dec 21  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	%z	2018 Dec 21  0:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-39)
 # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
 # reorganization.
 Zone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:28 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2024 Mar  1  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	%z	2024 Mar  1  0:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-15)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Mangghystaū (KZ-47)
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include timestamps before 1963.
 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Atyraū (KZ-23) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
 Zone	Asia/Atyrau	3:27:44	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1999 Mar 28  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1999 Mar 28  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-27)
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
-			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
@@ -2598,11 +2605,11 @@ Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	-
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
-			6:00	-	+06
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Aug 31  2:00
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	%z	2005 Aug 12
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -2809,16 +2816,16 @@ Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
-			7:30	-	+0730	1933
-			8:00 NBorneo  +08/+0820	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			8:00	-	+08
+			7:30	-	%z	1933
+			8:00 NBorneo	%z	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 12
+			8:00	-	%z
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Malé
 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Malé Mean Time
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Mongolia
 
@@ -2920,9 +2927,37 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Malé
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
-# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
-# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
-# this is almost surely wrong.
+
+# From Heitor David Pinto (2024-06-23):
+# Sources about time zones in Mongolia seem to list one of two conflicting
+# configurations.  The first configuration, mentioned in a comment to the TZ
+# database in 1999, citing a Mongolian government website, lists the provinces
+# of Bayan-Ölgii, Khovd and Uvs in UTC+7, and the rest of the country in
+# UTC+8.  The second configuration, mentioned in a comment to the database in
+# 2001, lists Bayan-Ölgii, Khovd, Uvs, Govi-Altai and Zavkhan in UTC+7, Dornod
+# and Sükhbaatar in UTC+9, and the rest of the country in UTC+8.
+#
+# The first configuration is still mentioned by several Mongolian travel
+# agencies:
+# https://www.adventurerider.mn/en/page/about_mongolia
+# http://www.naturetours.mn/nt/mongolia.php
+# https://www.newjuulchin.mn/web/content/7506?unique=fa24a0f6e96e022a3578ee5195ac879638c734ce
+#
+# It also matches these flight schedules in 2013:
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20130722023600/https://www.hunnuair.com/en/timetabled
+# The flight times imply that the airports of Uliastai (Zavkhan), Choibalsan
+# (Dornod) and Altai (Govi-Altai) are in the same time zone as Ulaanbaatar,
+# and Khovd is one hour behind....
+#
+# The second configuration was mentioned by an official of the Mongolian
+# standards agency in an interview in 2014: https://ikon.mn/n/9v6
+# And it's still listed by the Mongolian aviation agency:
+# https://ais.mn/files/aip/eAIP/2023-12-25/html/eSUP/ZM-eSUP-23-04-en-MN.html
+#
+# ... I believe that the first configuration is what is actually observed in
+# Mongolia and has been so all along, at least since 1999.  The second
+# configuration closely matches the ideal time zone boundaries at 97.5° E and
+# 112.5° E but it doesn't seem to be used in practice.
 
 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
@@ -2961,25 +2996,18 @@ Rule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			6:00	-	+06	1978
-			7:00	Mongol	+07/+08
+			6:00	-	%z	1978
+			7:00	Mongol	%z
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	+07	1978
-			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
-# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
-Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	+07	1978
-			8:00	-	+08	1983 Apr
-			9:00	Mongol	+09/+10	2008 Mar 31
-			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
+			7:00	-	%z	1978
+			8:00	Mongol	%z
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
-			5:30	-	+0530	1986
-			5:45	-	+0545
+			5:30	-	%z	1986
+			5:45	-	%z
 
 # Pakistan
 
@@ -3125,10 +3153,10 @@ Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
-			5:30	-	+0530	1951 Sep 30
-			5:00	-	+05	1971 Mar 26
+			5:30	-	%z	1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 15
+			5:30	-	%z	1951 Sep 30
+			5:00	-	%z	1971 Mar 26
 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
@@ -3676,14 +3704,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
 
-# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
+# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15) with URLs updated by Guy Harris (2024-02-15):
 # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
 # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
 # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
 # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
-# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
-# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
+# [1] https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
+# [2] https://prsd.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/28-astronomy/302-philippine-standard-time
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
 # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
@@ -3716,8 +3744,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
-			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	+03
+			4:00	-	%z	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Kuwait
 # Saudi Arabia
@@ -3767,7 +3795,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Singapore
 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
@@ -3775,13 +3803,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
-			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
-			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
-			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			7:30	-	+0730	1981 Dec 31 16:00u
-			8:00	-	+08
+			7:00	-	%z	1933 Jan  1
+			7:00	0:20	%z	1936 Jan  1
+			7:20	-	%z	1941 Sep  1
+			7:30	-	%z	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 12
+			7:30	-	%z	1981 Dec 31 16:00u
+			8:00	-	%z
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
@@ -3839,13 +3867,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
-			5:30	0:30	+06	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 16  2:00
-			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
-			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
-			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
-			5:30	-	+0530
+			5:30	-	%z	1942 Jan  5
+			5:30	0:30	%z	1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 16  2:00
+			5:30	-	%z	1996 May 25  0:00
+			6:30	-	%z	1996 Oct 26  0:30
+			6:00	-	%z	2006 Apr 15  0:30
+			5:30	-	%z
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -4016,16 +4044,16 @@ Rule	Syria	2009	2022	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT	2022 Oct 28 0:00
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Tajikistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Cambodia
 # Christmas I
@@ -4035,16 +4063,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
-			7:00	-	+07
+			7:00	-	%z
 
 # Turkmenistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Oman
 # Réunion
@@ -4054,25 +4082,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 # The Crozet Is also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	+04
+			4:00	-	%z
 
 # Uzbekistan
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8.
 		#STDOFF	4:37:10.8
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Vietnam (southern)
 
@@ -4130,7 +4158,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Võ Nguyên Giáp, Việt Nam Dân Quốc Công Báo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13
 # http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none
 # It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07.
-# It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Goveror-General)
+# It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Governor-General)
 # to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree
 # merely legalized an earlier change to +09.
 #
@@ -4151,14 +4179,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 		#STDOFF	7:06:30.13
 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:30 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
-			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  1 24:00
-			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1955 Jul  1 01:00
-			7:00	-	+07	1959 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1975 Jun 13
-			7:00	-	+07
+			7:00	-	%z	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	%z	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep  1 24:00
+			7:00	-	%z	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	%z	1955 Jul  1 01:00
+			7:00	-	%z	1959 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	%z	1975 Jun 13
+			7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
 #

make/data/tzdata/australasia

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:45	Aus +0845/+0945	1943 Jul
-			 8:45	AW  +0845/+0945
+			 8:45	Aus	%z	1943 Jul
+			 8:45	AW	%z
 
 # Queensland
 #
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
-			10:30	LH	+1030/+1130 1985 Jul
-			10:30	LH	+1030/+11
+			10:30	LH	%z	1985 Jul
+			10:30	LH	%z
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
@@ -439,16 +439,16 @@ Rule	Fiji	2019	only	-	Nov	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Fiji	2020	only	-	Dec	20	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
-			12:00	Fiji	+12/+13
+			12:00	Fiji	%z
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Rikitea
-			 -9:00	-	-09
+			 -9:00	-	%z
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1
-			 -9:30	-	-0930
+			 -9:30	-	%z
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Papeete
-			-10:00	-	-10
+			-10:00	-	%z
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ Rule	Guam	1977	only	-	Aug	28	2:00	0	S
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
 			10:00	-	GST	1941 Dec 10 # Guam
-			 9:00	-	+09	1944 Jul 31
+			 9:00	-	%z	1944 Jul 31
 			10:00	Guam	G%sT	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
@@ -503,30 +503,30 @@ Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 # Wallis & Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	+12
+			 12:00	-	%z
 
 # Kiribati (except Gilbert Is)
 # See Pacific/Tarawa for the Gilbert Is.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Kanton	  0	-	-00	1937 Aug 31
-			-12:00	-	-12	1979 Oct
-			-11:00	-	-11	1994 Dec 31
-			 13:00	-	+13
+			-12:00	-	%z	1979 Oct
+			-11:00	-	%z	1994 Dec 31
+			 13:00	-	%z
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:40	-	-1040	1979 Oct
-			-10:00	-	-10	1994 Dec 31
-			 14:00	-	+14
+			-10:40	-	%z	1979 Oct
+			-10:00	-	%z	1994 Dec 31
+			 14:00	-	%z
 
 # Marshall Is
 # See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	 11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1944 Feb  6
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	-12	1993 Aug 20 24:00
-			 12:00	-	+12
+			 11:00	-	%z	1937
+			 10:00	-	%z	1941 Apr  1
+			  9:00	-	%z	1944 Feb  6
+			 11:00	-	%z	1969 Oct
+			-12:00	-	%z	1993 Aug 20 24:00
+			 12:00	-	%z
 
 # Micronesia
 # For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby.
@@ -534,22 +534,22 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	 11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	-13:08:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1914 Oct
-			  9:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			 12:00	-	+12	1999
-			 11:00	-	+11
+			 11:00	-	%z	1914 Oct
+			  9:00	-	%z	1919 Feb  1
+			 11:00	-	%z	1937
+			 10:00	-	%z	1941 Apr  1
+			  9:00	-	%z	1945 Aug
+			 11:00	-	%z	1969 Oct
+			 12:00	-	%z	1999
+			 11:00	-	%z
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
-			11:30	-	+1130	1942 Aug 29
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  8
-			11:30	-	+1130	1979 Feb 10  2:00
-			12:00	-	+12
+			11:30	-	%z	1942 Aug 29
+			 9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep  8
+			11:30	-	%z	1979 Feb 10  2:00
+			12:00	-	%z
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
-			11:00	NC	+11/+12
+			11:00	NC	%z
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -604,8 +604,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
-			12:15	-	+1215	1946 Jan  1
-			12:45	Chatham	+1245/+1345
+			12:15	-	%z	1946 Jan  1
+			12:45	Chatham	%z
 
 # Auckland Is
 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
@@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	13:20:56 -	LMT	1899 Dec 26 # Avarua
 			-10:39:04 -	LMT	1952 Oct 16
-			-10:30	-	-1030	1978 Nov 12
-			-10:00	Cook	-10/-0930
+			-10:30	-	%z	1978 Nov 12
+			-10:00	Cook	%z
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -676,30 +676,30 @@ Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	13:20:56 -	LMT	1899 Dec 26 # Avarua
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1952 Oct 16	# Alofi
-			-11:20	-	-1120	1964 Jul
-			-11:00	-	-11
+			-11:20	-	%z	1964 Jul
+			-11:00	-	%z
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
-			11:12	-	+1112	1951
-			11:30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00s
-			11:30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00s
-			11:30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2019 Jul
-			11:00	AN	+11/+12
+			11:12	-	%z	1951
+			11:30	-	%z	1974 Oct 27 02:00s
+			11:30	1:00	%z	1975 Mar  2 02:00s
+			11:30	-	%z	2015 Oct  4 02:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2019 Jul
+			11:00	AN	%z
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	-15:02:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31	# Koror
 			  8:57:56 -	LMT	1901
-			  9:00	-	+09
+			  9:00	-	%z
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
-			10:00	-	+10
+			10:00	-	%z
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
@@ -720,16 +720,16 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 #
 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 -	LMT	1880
 			 9:48:32 -	PMMT	1895
-			10:00	-	+10	1942 Jul
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 21
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Dec 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11
+			10:00	-	%z	1942 Jul
+			 9:00	-	%z	1945 Aug 21
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Dec 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	-0830	1998 Apr 27  0:00
-			-8:00	-	-08
+			-8:30	-	%z	1998 Apr 27  0:00
+			-8:00	-	%z
 
 # American Samoa
 # Midway
@@ -818,15 +818,15 @@ Rule	WS	2012	2020	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1892 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	-1130	1950
-			-11:00	WS	-11/-10	2011 Dec 29 24:00
-			 13:00	WS	+13/+14
+			-11:30	-	%z	1950
+			-11:00	WS	%z	2011 Dec 29 24:00
+			 13:00	WS	%z
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Honiara
-			11:00	-	+11
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 # Tokelau
 #
@@ -849,8 +849,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Honiara
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	-11	2011 Dec 30
-			13:00	-	+13
+			-11:00	-	%z	2011 Dec 30
+			13:00	-	%z
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -862,9 +862,9 @@ Rule	Tonga	2016	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Tonga	2017	only	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:12 -	LMT	1945 Sep 10
-			12:20	-	+1220	1961
-			13:00	-	+13	1999
-			13:00	Tonga	+13/+14
+			12:20	-	%z	1961
+			13:00	-	%z	1999
+			13:00	Tonga	%z
 
 
 # US minor outlying islands
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sat>=22	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sat>=22	24:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
-			11:00	Vanuatu	+11/+12
+			11:00	Vanuatu	%z
 
 ###############################################################################
 

make/data/tzdata/backward

@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# tzdb links for backward compatibility
+# Links and zones for backward compatibility
 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones.
+# It also provides a few zone entries for old naming conventions.
 # Many names changed in 1993 and in 1995, and many merged names moved here
 # in the period from 2013 through 2022.  Several of these names are
 # also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@ Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre	#= America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
 Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
 Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
+Link	Europe/Brussels		CET
+Link	America/Chicago		CST6CDT
 Link	America/Halifax		Canada/Atlantic
 Link	America/Winnipeg	Canada/Central
 # This line is commented out, as the name exceeded the 14-character limit
@@ -81,6 +84,9 @@ Link	America/Whitehorse	Canada/Yukon
 Link	America/Santiago	Chile/Continental
 Link	Pacific/Easter		Chile/EasterIsland
 Link	America/Havana		Cuba
+Link	Europe/Athens		EET
+Link	America/Panama		EST
+Link	America/New_York	EST5EDT
 Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
 Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
 # Vanguard section, for most .zi parsers.
@@ -119,6 +125,9 @@ Link	America/Jamaica		Jamaica
 Link	Asia/Tokyo		Japan
 Link	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
+Link	Europe/Brussels		MET
+Link	America/Phoenix		MST
+Link	America/Denver		MST7MDT
 Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
 Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
 Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
@@ -298,6 +307,7 @@ Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
 Link	America/Toronto		America/Thunder_Bay
 Link	America/Edmonton	America/Yellowknife
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
+Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Choibalsan
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
 Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
@@ -312,6 +322,7 @@ Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Zaporozhye
 Link	Pacific/Kanton		Pacific/Enderbury
 Link	Pacific/Honolulu	Pacific/Johnston
 Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Yap
+Link	Europe/Lisbon		WET
 
 
 # Alternate names for the same location
@@ -337,5 +348,7 @@ Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Kiev
 # Classically, Cyprus is in Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
 Link	Asia/Nicosia		Europe/Nicosia
+Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
+Link	America/Los_Angeles	PST8PDT
 Link	Pacific/Guadalcanal	Pacific/Ponape	#= Pacific/Pohnpei
 Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Truk	#= Pacific/Chuuk

make/data/tzdata/etcetera

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 # These entries are for uses not otherwise covered by the tz database.
 # Their main practical use is for platforms like Android that lack
-# support for POSIX.1-2017-style TZ strings.  On such platforms these entries
+# support for POSIX proleptic TZ strings.  On such platforms these entries
 # can be useful if the timezone database is wrong or if a ship or
 # aircraft at sea is not in a timezone.
 
@@ -74,29 +74,29 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				GMT
 # so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
 # Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
 
-Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	+14
-Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	+13
-Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	+12
-Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	+11
-Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	+10
-Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	+09
-Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	+08
-Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	+07
-Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	+06
-Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	+05
-Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	+04
-Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	+03
-Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	+02
-Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	+01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	-01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	-02
-Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	-03
-Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	-04
-Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	-05
-Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	-06
-Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	-07
-Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	-08
-Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	-09
-Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	-10
-Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	-11
-Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	-12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	%z

make/data/tzdata/europe

@@ -753,14 +753,6 @@ Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 # to be standard.
 
-# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
-Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
-Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
-Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
 
@@ -894,7 +886,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Belgium
 # Luxembourg
@@ -1199,22 +1191,22 @@ Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	1996
+			-3:00	-	%z	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-3:00	EU	%z	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 #
 # Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit
 # exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-			-2:00	-	-02	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-2:00	C-Eur	-02/-01	1981 Mar 29
-			-1:00	EU	-01/+00 2024 Mar 31
-			-2:00	EU	-02/-01
+			-2:00	-	%z	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-2:00	C-Eur	%z	1981 Mar 29
+			-1:00	EU	%z	2024 Mar 31
+			-2:00	EU	%z
 Zone America/Nuuk	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb
-			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	2023 Mar 26  1:00u
-			-2:00	-	-02	2023 Oct 29  1:00u
-			-2:00	EU	-02/-01
+			-3:00	-	%z	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-3:00	EU	%z	2023 Mar 26  1:00u
+			-2:00	-	%z	2023 Oct 29  1:00u
+			-2:00	EU	%z
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 
@@ -2086,10 +2078,39 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Portugal
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
-# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Alois Treindl (2021-02-07) and Michael
+# Deckers (2021-02-10):
+# http://oal.ul.pt/documentos/2018/01/hl1911a2018.pdf/
+# The Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon has published a list detailing the
+# historical transitions in legal time within continental Portugal.  It
+# directly references many decrees and ordinances which are, in turn,
+# referenced below.  They can be viewed in the public archives of the Diário da
+# República (until 1976-04-09 known as the Diário do Govêrno) at
+# https://dre.pt/ (in Portuguese).
+#
+# Most of the Rules below have been updated simply to match the Observatory's
+# listing for continental (mainland) Portugal.  Although there are over 50
+# referenced decrees and ordinances, only the handful with comments below have
+# been verified against the text, typically to provide additional confidence
+# wherever dates provided by Whitman and Shanks & Pottenger had disagreed.
+# See further below for the Azores and Madeira.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a
+# heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a 1911-05-24 Portuguese decree, Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but
+# switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/593090
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/593090
+# The decree made legal time throughout Portugal and her possessions
+# "subordinate to the Greenwich meridian, according to the principle adopted at
+# the Washington Convention in 1884" and eliminated the "difference of five
+# minutes between the internal and external clocks of railway stations".
+#
+# The decree was gazetted in the 1911-05-30 issue of Diário do Govêrno, and is
+# considered to be dated 1911-05-24 by that issue's summary; however, the text
+# of the decree itself is dated 1911-05-26.  The Diário da República website
+# notes the discrepancy, but later laws and the Observatory all seem to refer
+# to this decree by the 1911-05-24 date.
 #
 # From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
 # article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
@@ -2097,37 +2118,62 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 # according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins,
 # all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ...
 
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
-# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
-# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
-#
-# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
-# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
-# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
-# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
-# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
-# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
-# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
-# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
-#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
-# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
+# DSH writes in their history that Decreto 1469 of 1915-03-30 established
+# summer time and that, "despite" this, the change to the clocks was not done
+# every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
+# In fact, that decree had nothing to do with DST; rather, it regulated the
+# sending of time signals.  But we do see linkage to Spain in the 1920s below.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/1469-1915-285721
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/285721
+#
+# According to the Observatory, standard time was first advanced by Decreto
+# 2433 of 1916-06-09 and restored by Decreto 2712 of 1916-10-28.  While Whitman
+# gives 1916-10-31 for the latter transition, Shanks & Pottenger agrees more
+# closely with the decree, which stated that its provision "will start sixty
+# minutes after the end of 31 October, according to the current time," i.e.,
+# 01:00 on 1 November.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2433-1916-267192
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/267192
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2712-1916-590937
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/590937
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Article 7 of Decreto 2922 of 1916-12-30 stated that "the legal time will be
+# advanced by sixty minutes from 1 March to 31 October."  Per Article 15, this
+# came into force from 1917-01-01.  Just before the first fall back, Decreto
+# 3446 of 1917-10-11 changed the annual end date to 14 October.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2922-1916-261894
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/261894
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/3446-1917-495161
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/495161
+# This annual change was revoked by Decreto 8038 of 1922-02-18.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/8038-1922-569751
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/569751
+Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	24:00	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto 9592 of 1924-04-14 noted that "France maintains the advance of legal
+# time in the summer and Spain has now adopted it for the first time" and
+# considered "that the absence of similar measures would cause serious
+# difficulties for international rail connections with consequent repercussions
+# on domestic service hours..." along with "inconvenient analogues...for postal
+# and telegraph services."  Summer time would be in effect from 17 April to 4
+# October, with the spring change explicitly specified by bringing clocks
+# forward from 16 April 23:00.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/9592-1924-652133
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/652133
+#
+# Decreto 10700, issued 1925-04-16, noted that Spain had not continued summer
+# time, declared that "the current legal hour prior to 17 April remains
+# unchanged from that day forward", and revoked legislation to the contrary,
+# just a day before summer time would have otherwise resumed.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/10700-1925-437826
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/437826
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2139,6 +2185,8 @@ Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Note: The 1935 law specified 10-06 00:00, not 10-05 24:00, but the following
+# is equivalent and more succinct.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2149,10 +2197,19 @@ Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Portaria 9465 of 1940-02-17 advanced clocks from Saturday 1940-02-24 23:00.
+# The clocks were restored by Portaria 9658, issued Monday 1940-10-07,
+# effective from 24:00 that very night, which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger;
+# Whitman gives Saturday 1940-10-05 instead.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/9465-1940-189096
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/189096
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/9658-1940-196729
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/196729
 Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Oct	 7	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2162,66 +2219,195 @@ Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1947	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Alois Treindl (2021-02-07):
+# The Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon cites Portaria 11767 of 1947-03-28 for
+# 1947 and Portaria 12286 of 1948-02-19 for 1948.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/11767-1947-414787
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/414787
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/12286-1948-152953
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/152953
+#
+# Although the latter ordinance explicitly had the 1948-10-03 transition
+# scheduled for 02:00 rather than 03:00 as had been used in 1947, Decreto-Lei
+# 37048 of 1948-09-07 recognized "that it is advisable to definitely set...the
+# 'summer time' regime", and fixed the fall transition at 03:00 moving forward.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/37048-1948-373810
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/373810
+# While the Observatory only cites this act for 1949-1965 and not for 1948, it
+# does not appear to have had any provision delaying its effect, so assume that
+# it overrode the prior ordinance for 1948-10-03.
+#
+# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950 and gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on.
+# The Observatory, however, agrees with Shanks & Pottenger that 1950 was not an
+# exception and that Oct Sun>=1 was maintained through 1965.
+Rule	Port	1947	1966	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto-Lei 47233 of 1966-10-01 considered that the "duality" in time was
+# "the cause of serious disturbances" and noted that "the countries with which
+# we have the most frequent contacts...have already adopted" a solution
+# coinciding with the extant "summer time".  It established that the former
+# "summer time" would apply year-round on the mainland and adjacent islands
+# with immediate effect, as the fall back would have otherwise occurred later
+# that evening.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/47233-1966-293729
+# Model this by changing zones without changing clocks at the
+# previously-appointed fall back time.
+#
+# Decreto-Lei 309/76 of 1976-04-27 acknowledged that those international
+# contacts had returned to adopting seasonal times, and considered that the
+# year-round advancement "entails considerable sacrifices for the vast majority
+# of the working population during the winter months", including morning
+# visibility concerns for schoolchildren.  It specified, beginning 1976-09-26
+# 01:00, an annual return to UT+00 on the mainland from 00:00 UT on Sep lastSun
+# to 00:00 UT on Mar lastSun (unless the latter date fell on Easter, in which
+# case it was to be brought forward to the preceding Sunday).  It also assigned
+# the Permanent Time Commission to study and propose revisions for the Azores
+# and Madeira, neither of which resumed DST until 1982 (as described further
+# below).
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/309-1976-502063
+Rule	Port	1976	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Beginning in 1978, rather than triggering the Easter rule of the 1976 decree
+# (Easter fell on 1978-03-26), Article 5 was used instead, which allowed DST
+# dates to be changed by order of the Minister of Education and Scientific
+# Research, upon consultation with the Permanent Time Commission, "whenever
+# considered convenient."  As such, a series of one-off ordinances were
+# promulgated for the mainland in 1978 through 1980, after which the 1976
+# decree naturally came back into force from 1981.
+Rule	Port	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1979	1980	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1981	1986	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1981	1985	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto-Lei 44-B/86 of 1986-03-07 switched mainland Portugal's transition
+# times from 0:00s to 1:00u to harmonize with the EEC from 1986-03-30.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/44-b-1986-628280
+# (Transitions of 1:00s as previously reported and used by the W-Eur rules,
+# though equivalent, appear to have been fiction here.)  Madeira continued to
+# use 0:00s for spring 1986 before joining with the mainland using 1:00u in the
+# fall; meanwhile, in the Azores the two were equivalent, so the law specifying
+# 0:00s wasn't touched until 1992.  (See below for more on the islands.)
+#
+# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
+# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
+# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
+#
+# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
+# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
+# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
+# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 		#STDOFF	-0:36:44.68
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  0:00u # Lisbon MT
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
 			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1986
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00u
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# For the Azores and Madeira, legislation was followed from the laws currently
+# in force as listed at:
+# https://oal.ul.pt/hora-legal/legislacao/
+# working backward through references of revocation and abrogation to
+# Decreto-Lei 47233 of 1966-10-01, the last time DST was abolished across the
+# mainland and its adjacent islands.  Because of that reference, it is
+# therefore assumed that DST rules in the islands prior to 1966 were like that
+# of the mainland, though most legislation of the time didn't explicitly
+# specify DST practices for the islands.
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
 			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1  2:00u # Horta MT
 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
-#			-2:00	Port	%z	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-#			-1:00	Port	%z	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-#			-1:00	W-Eur	%z	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			-2:00	Port	%z	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# While Decreto-Lei 309/76 of 1976-04-27 reintroduced DST on the mainland by
+# falling back on 1976-09-26, it assigned the Permanent Time Commission to
+# study and propose revisions for the Azores and Madeira.  Decreto Regional
+# 9/77/A of 1977-05-17 affirmed that "the legal time remained unchanged in the
+# Azores" at UT-1, and would remain there year-round.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/9-1977-252066
+#
+# Decreto Regional 2/82/A, published 1982-03-02, adopted DST in the same
+# fashion as the mainland used at the time.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/2-1982-599965
+# Though transitions in the Azores officially remained at 0:00s through 1992,
+# this was equivalent to the EU-style 1:00u adopted by the mainland in 1986, so
+# model it as such.
+			-1:00	-	%z	1982 Mar 28  0:00s
+			-1:00	Port	%z	1986
 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	-01/+00	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
+#			-1:00	-	-01	1982 Mar 28  0:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1986
 # End of rearguard section.
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
-			-1:00	EU	-01/+00
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# After mainland Portugal had shifted forward an hour from 1992-09-27, Decreto
+# Legislativo Regional 29/92/A of 1992-12-23 sought to "reduce the time
+# difference" by shifting the Azores forward as well from 1992-12-27.  Just six
+# months later, this was revoked by Decreto Legislativo Regional 9/93/A, citing
+# "major changes in work habits and way of life."  Though the revocation didn't
+# give a transition time, it was signed Wednesday 1993-06-16; assume it took
+# effect later that evening, and that an EU-style spring forward (to +01) was
+# still observed in the interim on 1993-03-28.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/29-1992-621553
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/9-1993-389633
+			-1:00	EU	%z	1992 Dec 27  1:00s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Jun 17  1:00u
+			-1:00	EU	%z
+
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
 			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u # Funchal MT
 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
-#			-1:00	Port	%z	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			-1:00	Port	%z	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
 # End of rearguard section.
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto Regional 5/82/M, published 1982-04-03, established DST transitions at
+# 0:00u, which for Madeira is equivalent to the mainland's rules (0:00s) at the
+# time.  It came into effect the day following its publication, Sunday
+# 1982-04-04, thus resuming Madeira's DST practice about a week later than the
+# mainland and the Azores.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/5-1982-608273
+#
+# Decreto Legislativo Regional 18/86/M, published 1986-10-01, adopted EU-style
+# rules (1:00u) and entered into immediate force after being signed on
+# 1986-07-31.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/18-1986-221705
+			 0:00	-	WET	1982 Apr  4
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1986 Jul 31
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
@@ -2433,7 +2619,7 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1946 Apr  7
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET
 
 
@@ -2683,14 +2869,14 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
 
 Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
@@ -2720,15 +2906,15 @@ Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002
 
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	%z	1961 Nov 11
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK	2018 Oct 28  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2020 Dec 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2020 Dec 27  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
@@ -2743,14 +2929,14 @@ Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
 
 Zone Europe/Saratov	 3:04:18 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Dec  4  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2016 Dec  4  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Kirov covers:
@@ -2758,10 +2944,10 @@ Zone Europe/Saratov	 3:04:18 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
 Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
@@ -2776,15 +2962,15 @@ Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	%z	1935 Jan 27
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	%z	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
@@ -2800,14 +2986,14 @@ Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
 
 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
@@ -2832,12 +3018,12 @@ Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 		#STDOFF	 4:02:32.9
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
-			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 5:00	-	+05
+			 4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 5:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 5:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -2847,12 +3033,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
 
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06
+			 5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
@@ -2885,14 +3071,14 @@ Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
 
 Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1995 May 28
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1995 May 28
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
@@ -2906,14 +3092,14 @@ Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
 
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
@@ -2958,14 +3144,14 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
 
 Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2002 May  1  3:00
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 May 29  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	2002 May  1  3:00
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2016 May 29  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -2996,12 +3182,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
 # realigning itself with KRAT.
 
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
@@ -3015,12 +3201,12 @@ Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
 
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -3037,12 +3223,12 @@ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08
+			 7:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@@ -3059,13 +3245,13 @@ Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
 
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
-			 9:00	-	+09
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00
+			 9:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3105,12 +3291,12 @@ Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
 
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3128,12 +3314,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
-			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10
+			 9:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3151,14 +3337,14 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
 
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	2004
+			10:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3174,14 +3360,14 @@ Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
+			 9:00	-	%z	1945 Aug 25
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3204,13 +3390,13 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
 
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
+			10:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@@ -3255,12 +3441,12 @@ Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
 
 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
+			10:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3278,14 +3464,14 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
 
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -3298,12 +3484,12 @@ Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
-			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12
+			11:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			12:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3311,13 +3497,13 @@ Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 # 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
 
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
-			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12
+			12:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			13:00	Russia	%z	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z
 
 # Bosnia & Herzegovina
 # Croatia
@@ -3436,7 +3622,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00u
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	-01	1946 Sep 30  1:00
+			-1:00	-	%z	1946 Sep 30  1:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
@@ -3517,8 +3703,8 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
 # hour before the beginning of service.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
-# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24):
+# Express BMT as 0:29:45.500, approximately the same precision 7° 26' 22.50".
 #
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
@@ -3557,6 +3743,7 @@ Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
+		#STDOFF	0:29:45.500
 			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -3754,7 +3941,7 @@ Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Jun 29
-			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1984 Nov  1  2:00
+			3:00	Turkey	%z	1984 Nov  1  2:00
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
@@ -3763,7 +3950,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Ukraine
 #

make/data/tzdata/leapseconds

@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 # Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
 # This Expires line is commented out for now,
 # so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
-#Expires 2024	Dec	28	00:00:00
+#Expires 2025	Jun	28	00:00:00
 
 # POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
-#updated 1704708379 (2024-01-08 10:06:19 UTC)
-#expires 1735344000 (2024-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
+#updated 1720104763 (2024-07-04 14:52:43 UTC)
+#expires 1751068800 (2025-06-28 00:00:00 UTC)
 
 #	Updated through IERS Bulletin C (https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/bulletinc.dat)
-#	File expires on 28 December 2024
+#	File expires on 28 June 2025

make/data/tzdata/northamerica

@@ -208,26 +208,6 @@ Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
-# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
-# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
-# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
-# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
-# this time zone package.
-# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
-# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
-# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
-# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
-# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
-Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
-Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
-Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
-Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
-Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
-Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
-
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
@@ -2396,6 +2376,81 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
 # the relevant documents.
 
+# From Heitor David Pinto (2024-08-04):
+# In 1931, the decree implementing DST specified that it would take
+# effect on 30 April....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=192270&pagina=2&seccion=1
+#
+# In 1981, the decree changing Campeche, Yucatán and Quintana Roo to UTC-5
+# specified that it would enter into force on 26 December 1981 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4705667&fecha=23/12/1981&cod_diario=202796
+#
+# In 1982, the decree returning Campeche and Yucatán to UTC-6 specified that
+# it would enter into force on 2 November 1982 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=205689&pagina=3&seccion=0
+#
+# Quintana Roo changed to UTC-6 on 4 January 1983 at 0:00, and again
+# to UTC-5 on 26 October 1997 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4787355&fecha=28/12/1982&cod_diario=206112
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=209559&pagina=15&seccion=0
+#
+# Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas were set to UTC-7 on 1 January
+# 1922, and changed to UTC-6 on 10 June 1927.  Then Durango, Coahuila and
+# Nuevo León (but not Tamaulipas) returned to UTC-7 on 15 November 1930,
+# observed DST in 1931, and changed again to UTC-6 on 1 April 1932....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4441846&fecha=29/12/1921&cod_diario=187468
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4541520&fecha=09/06/1927&cod_diario=193920
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4491963&fecha=15/11/1930&cod_diario=190835
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4418437&fecha=21/01/1932&cod_diario=185588
+#
+# ... the ... 10 June 1927 ... decree only said 10 June 1927, without
+# specifying a time, so I suppose that it should be considered at 0:00.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4541520&fecha=09/06/1927&cod_diario=193920
+#
+# In 1942, the decree changing Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora,
+# Sinaloa and Nayarit to UTC-7 was published on 24 April, but it said that it
+# would apply from 1 April, so it's unclear when the change actually
+# occurred. The database currently shows 24 April 1942.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=192203&pagina=2&seccion=1
+#
+# Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit never used UTC-8.  The ...
+# 14 January 1949 ... change [to UTC-8] only occurred in Baja California.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4515613&fecha=13/01/1949&cod_diario=192309
+#
+# In 1945, the decree changing Baja California to UTC-8 specified that it
+# would take effect on the third day from its publication.
+# It was published on 12 November, so it would take effect on 15 November....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4555049&fecha=12/11/1945&cod_diario=194763
+#
+# In 1948, the decree changing Baja California to UTC-7 specified that it
+# would take effect on "this date".  The decree was made on 13 March,
+# but published on 5 April, so it's unclear when the change actually occurred.
+# The database currently shows 5 April 1948.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=188624&pagina=2&seccion=0
+#
+# In 1949, the decree changing Baja California to UTC-8 was published on 13
+# January, but it said that it would apply from 1 January, so it's unclear when
+# the change actually occurred.  The database currently shows 14 January 1949.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4515613&fecha=13/01/1949&cod_diario=192309
+#
+# Baja California also observed UTC-7 from 1 May to 24 September 1950,
+# from 29 April to 30 September 1951 at 2:00,
+# and from 27 April to 28 September 1952 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4600403&fecha=29/04/1950&cod_diario=197505
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4623553&fecha=23/09/1950&cod_diario=198805
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4469444&fecha=27/04/1951&cod_diario=189317
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4533868&fecha=10/03/1952&cod_diario=193465
+#
+# All changes in Baja California from 1948 to 1952 match those in California,
+# on the same dates or with a difference of one day.
+# So it may be easier to implement these changes as DST with rule CA
+# during this whole period.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-08-18):
+# For now, maintain the slightly-different history for Baja California,
+# as we have no information on whether 1948/1952 clocks in Tijuana followed
+# the decrees or followed San Diego.
+
 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
@@ -2599,7 +2654,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # http://puentelibre.mx/noticia/ciudad_juarez_cambio_horario_noviembre_2022/
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mexico	1931	only	-	May	1	23:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mexico	1931	only	-	April	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1931	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
@@ -2618,14 +2673,16 @@ Rule	Mexico	2002	2022	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
-			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
+			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 26  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1983 Jan  4  0:00
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1997 Oct 26  2:00
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2015 Feb  1  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
-			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
-			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
+			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 26  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Nov  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 # This includes the following municipios:
@@ -2642,12 +2699,15 @@ Zone America/Matamoros	-6:30:00 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
+			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
@@ -2658,7 +2718,7 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 # Práxedis G Guerrero.
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/65/2a022/nov/20221124-VII.pdf
 Zone America/Ciudad_Juarez -7:05:56 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
@@ -2673,7 +2733,7 @@ Zone America/Ciudad_Juarez -7:05:56 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 # Benavides.
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/65/2a022/nov/20221124-VII.pdf
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
@@ -2685,7 +2745,7 @@ Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
@@ -2695,23 +2755,21 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 			-6:00	-	CST
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	-	MST	1996
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit (except Bahía de Banderas), Sinaloa
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	-	MST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
 # Bahía de Banderas
@@ -2744,27 +2802,32 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	-	MST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
 # Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
+			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 15 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1950 May  1
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1950 Sep 24
+			-8:00	-	PST	1951 Apr 29  2:00
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1951 Sep 30  2:00
+			-8:00	-	PST	1952 Apr 27  2:00
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1952 Sep 28  2:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
@@ -3573,8 +3636,8 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 Jun 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
-			-3:00	-	-03	1987
-			-3:00	Canada	-03/-02
+			-3:00	-	%z	1987
+			-3:00	Canada	%z
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #

make/data/tzdata/southamerica

@@ -425,11 +425,11 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z
 #
 # Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
@@ -444,120 +444,120 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	       -4:16:48.25
 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z
 #
 # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 13
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 13
+			-3:00	Arg	%z
 #
 # La Rioja (LR)
 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 May  7
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # San Juan (SJ)
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 May  7
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 31
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jul 25
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Jujuy (JY)
 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 28
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar 17
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct  6
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1992
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1990 Mar  4
+			-4:00	-	%z	1990 Oct 28
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1991 Mar 17
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct  6
+			-3:00	1:00	%z	1992
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Mendoza (MZ)
 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1992 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1992 Oct 18
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 23
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Sep 26
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1990 Mar  4
+			-4:00	-	%z	1990 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1992 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1992 Oct 18
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 23
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Sep 26
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
 
@@ -567,53 +567,53 @@ Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	-
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1990 Mar 14
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Jun  1
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Jan 21
-			-4:00	SanLuis	-04/-03	2009 Oct 11
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1990
+			-3:00	1:00	%z	1990 Mar 14
+			-4:00	-	%z	1990 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Jun  1
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 31
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jul 25
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Jan 21
+			-4:00	SanLuis	%z	2009 Oct 11
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 30
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 30
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 			-4:32:36 1:00	BST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	-	%z
 
 # Brazil
 
@@ -984,12 +984,12 @@ Rule	Brazil	2018	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	1990 Sep 17
-			-2:00	-	-02	1999 Sep 30
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2000 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	-02	2001 Sep 13
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2002 Oct  1
-			-2:00	-	-02
+			-2:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-2:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-2:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-2:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-2:00	-	%z
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 # These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 # Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
@@ -1002,119 +1002,119 @@ Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 # the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1988 Sep 12
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # west Pará (PA)
 # West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 # Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 22
+			-3:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 15
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 15
+			-3:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Sep 14
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	-03	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2013 Sep
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1995 Sep 14
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	%z	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2013 Sep
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Oct 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1996 Sep  4
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1995 Oct 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1996 Sep  4
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 22
+			-3:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Bahia (BA)
 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	-03	2011 Oct 16
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	%z	2011 Oct 16
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1963 Oct 23  0:00
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1963 Oct 23  0:00
+			-3:00	1:00	%z	1964
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z
 #
 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z
 #
 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2003 Sep 24
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Oct  1
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	2003 Sep 24
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Oct  1
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z
 #
 # Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z
 #
 # Roraima (RR)
 Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	1999 Sep 30
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2000 Oct 15
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 15
+			-4:00	-	%z
 #
 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	1993 Sep 28
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1994 Sep 22
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z	1993 Sep 28
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1994 Sep 22
+			-4:00	-	%z
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 #	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	-05	1993 Sep 28
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1994 Sep 22
-			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	-05
+			-5:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	%z	1993 Sep 28
+			-5:00	Brazil	%z	1994 Sep 22
+			-5:00	-	%z	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-4:00	-	%z	2013 Nov 10
+			-5:00	-	%z
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	-05
+			-5:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	%z	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-4:00	-	%z	2013 Nov 10
+			-5:00	-	%z
 
 # Chile
 
@@ -1382,36 +1382,36 @@ Rule	Chile	2023	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:45 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Jul 14 24:00
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL
-			-5:00	1:00	-04	1947 Mar 31 24:00
-			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03
+			-5:00	Chile	%z	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1946 Jul 14 24:00
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL
+			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
+			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	%z
 Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
-			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Aug 28 24:00
-			-5:00	1:00	-04	1947 Mar 31 24:00
-			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-5:00	Chile	%z	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1946 Aug 28 24:00
+			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
+			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	%z	2016 Dec  4
+			-3:00	-	%z
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	-07/-06	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	-06/-05
+			-7:00	Chile	%z	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
+			-6:00	Chile	%z
 #
 # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
@@ -1431,10 +1431,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1982 May
+			-4:00	Chile	%z	2016 Dec  4
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Colombia
 
@@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Feb	 6	24:00	0	-
 		#STDOFF	-4:56:16.4
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-			-5:00	CO	-05/-04
+			-5:00	CO	%z
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
@@ -1484,10 +1484,10 @@ Rule	Ecuador	1993	only	-	Feb	 5	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	Ecuador	-05/-04
+			-5:00	Ecuador	%z
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-			-5:00	-	-05	1986
-			-6:00	Ecuador	-06/-05
+			-5:00	-	%z	1986
+			-6:00	Ecuador	%z
 
 # Falklands
 
@@ -1587,10 +1587,10 @@ Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	1983 May
-			-3:00	Falk	-03/-02	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	2010 Sep  5  2:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	Falk	%z	1983 May
+			-3:00	Falk	%z	1985 Sep 15
+			-4:00	Falk	%z	2010 Sep  5  2:00
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # French Guiana
 # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see:
@@ -1598,8 +1598,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 # page 752, 18b.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1967 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1967 Oct
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Guyana
 
@@ -1633,10 +1633,10 @@ Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:39 -	LMT	1911 Aug  1 # Georgetown
-			-4:00	-	-04	1915 Mar  1
-			-3:45	-	-0345	1975 Aug  1
-			-3:00	-	-03	1992 Mar 29  1:00
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	-	%z	1915 Mar  1
+			-3:45	-	%z	1975 Aug  1
+			-3:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  1:00
+			-4:00	-	%z
 
 # Paraguay
 #
@@ -1734,9 +1734,9 @@ Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	-04	1972 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03	1974 Apr
-			-4:00	Para	-04/-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1972 Oct
+			-3:00	-	%z	1974 Apr
+			-4:00	Para	%z
 
 # Peru
 #
@@ -1763,12 +1763,12 @@ Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
-			-5:00	Peru	-05/-04
+			-5:00	Peru	%z
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
-			-2:00	-	-02
+			-2:00	-	%z
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
@@ -1778,8 +1778,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
-			-3:30	-	-0330	1984 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:30	-	%z	1984 Oct
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
@@ -1994,15 +1994,15 @@ Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	-
 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:51 -	LMT	1908 Jun 10
 			-3:44:51 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
-			-4:00	-	-04	1923 Oct  1
-			-3:30	Uruguay	-0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1960
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1968
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1970
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1974
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0130 1974 Mar 10
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1923 Oct  1
+			-3:30	Uruguay	%z	1942 Dec 14
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1960
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1968
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1970
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1974
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1974 Mar 10
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1974 Dec 22
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z
 
 # Venezuela
 #
@@ -2036,7 +2036,7 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:51 -	LMT	1908 Jun 10
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-			-4:30	-	-0430	1965 Jan  1  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	-0430	2016 May  1  2:30
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:30	-	%z	1965 Jan  1  0:00
+			-4:00	-	%z	2007 Dec  9  3:00
+			-4:30	-	%z	2016 May  1  2:30
+			-4:00	-	%z

make/data/tzdata/zone.tab

@@ -287,8 +287,7 @@ MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
 MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most of Mongolia
-MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
-MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgii, Hovd, Uvs
 MO	+221150+1133230	Asia/Macau
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique

make/hotspot/lib/CompileGtest.gmk

@@ -77,11 +77,14 @@ $(eval $(call SetupNativeCompilation, BUILD_GTEST_LIBJVM, \
     CFLAGS_windows := -EHsc, \
     CFLAGS_solaris := -DGTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0 -library=stlport4 +d, \
     CFLAGS_macosx := -DGTEST_OS_MAC=1, \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := undef stringop-overflow, \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := undef switch format-nonliteral \
-        tautological-undefined-compare $(BUILD_LIBJVM_DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang), \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio := identexpected, \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := 4146, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc) \
+        undef, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang) \
+        undef switch format-nonliteral tautological-undefined-compare, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio) \
+        identexpected, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft) \
+        4146, \
     LDFLAGS := $(JVM_LDFLAGS), \
     LDFLAGS_solaris := -library=stlport4 $(call SET_SHARED_LIBRARY_ORIGIN), \
     LIBS := $(JVM_LIBS), \

make/hotspot/lib/CompileJvm.gmk

@@ -81,6 +81,25 @@ CFLAGS_VM_VERSION := \
     -DCPU='"$(OPENJDK_TARGET_CPU_VM_VERSION)"' \
     #
 
+################################################################################
+# Disabled warnings
+
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := extra all
+ifeq ($(call check-jvm-feature, zero), true)
+  DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc += return-type
+endif
+
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := extra all tautological-compare deprecated-declarations
+
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio :=
+
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_xlc := 1540-0216 1540-0198 1540-1090 1540-1639 1540-1088 \
+    1500-010
+
+DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft :=
+
+
+
 ################################################################################
 # Platform specific setup
 
@@ -117,7 +136,7 @@ ifeq ($(call isTargetOs, solaris), true)
   endif
   # Exclude warnings in devstudio 12.6
   ifeq ($(CC_VERSION_NUMBER), 5.15)
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio := SEC_ARR_OUTSIDE_BOUND_READ \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio += SEC_ARR_OUTSIDE_BOUND_READ \
       SEC_ARR_OUTSIDE_BOUND_WRITE
   endif
 endif
@@ -162,11 +181,11 @@ $(eval $(call SetupNativeCompilation, BUILD_LIBJVM, \
     CFLAGS := $(JVM_CFLAGS), \
     abstract_vm_version.cpp_CXXFLAGS := $(CFLAGS_VM_VERSION), \
     arguments.cpp_CXXFLAGS := $(CFLAGS_VM_VERSION), \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := tautological-compare, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc), \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang), \
     DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio), \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_xlc := 1540-0216 1540-0198 1540-1090 1540-1639 \
-        1540-1088 1500-010, \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := 4146, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_xlc := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_xlc), \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := $(DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft) 4146, \
     ASFLAGS := $(JVM_ASFLAGS), \
     LDFLAGS := $(JVM_LDFLAGS), \
     LIBS := $(JVM_LIBS), \

make/hotspot/lib/JvmFlags.gmk

@@ -67,10 +67,12 @@ JVM_CFLAGS_TARGET_DEFINES += \
     #
 
 ifeq ($(DEBUG_LEVEL), release)
+  # release builds disable uses of assert macro from <assert.h>.
+  JVM_CFLAGS_DEBUGLEVEL := -DNDEBUG
   # For hotspot, release builds differ internally between "optimized" and "product"
   # in that "optimize" does not define PRODUCT.
   ifneq ($(HOTSPOT_DEBUG_LEVEL), optimized)
-    JVM_CFLAGS_DEBUGLEVEL := -DPRODUCT
+    JVM_CFLAGS_DEBUGLEVEL += -DPRODUCT
   endif
 else ifeq ($(DEBUG_LEVEL), fastdebug)
   JVM_CFLAGS_DEBUGLEVEL := -DASSERT

make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/generatelsrequivmaps/EquivMapsGenerator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2012, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 /**
  * This tool reads the IANA Language Subtag Registry data file downloaded from
@@ -134,10 +135,29 @@ public class EquivMapsGenerator {
             }
         } else { // language, extlang, legacy, and redundant
             if (!initialLanguageMap.containsKey(preferred)) {
-                sb = new StringBuilder(preferred);
-                sb.append(',');
-                sb.append(tag);
-                initialLanguageMap.put(preferred, sb);
+                // IANA update 4/13 introduced case where a preferred value
+                // can have a preferred value itself.
+                // eg: ar-ajp has pref ajp which has pref apc
+                boolean foundInOther = false;
+                Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(","+preferred+"(,|$)");
+                // Check if current pref exists inside a value for another pref
+                List<StringBuilder> doublePrefs = initialLanguageMap
+                        .values()
+                        .stream()
+                        .filter(e -> pattern.matcher(e.toString()).find())
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+                for (StringBuilder otherPrefVal : doublePrefs) {
+                    otherPrefVal.append(",");
+                    otherPrefVal.append(tag);
+                    foundInOther = true;
+                }
+                if (!foundInOther) {
+                    // does not exist in any other pref's values, so add as new entry
+                    sb = new StringBuilder(preferred);
+                    sb.append(',');
+                    sb.append(tag);
+                    initialLanguageMap.put(preferred, sb);
+                }
             } else {
                 sb = initialLanguageMap.get(preferred);
                 sb.append(',');
@@ -263,11 +283,11 @@ public class EquivMapsGenerator {
                 Paths.get(fileName))) {
             writer.write(getOpenJDKCopyright());
             writer.write(headerText
-                + (int)(sortedLanguageMap1.size() / 0.75f + 1) + ");\n"
+                + sortedLanguageMap1.size() + ");\n"
                 + "        multiEquivsMap = new HashMap<>("
-                + (int)(sortedLanguageMap2.size() / 0.75f + 1) + ");\n"
+                + sortedLanguageMap2.size() + ");\n"
                 + "        regionVariantEquivMap = new HashMap<>("
-                + (int)(sortedRegionVariantMap.size() / 0.75f + 1) + ");\n\n"
+                + sortedRegionVariantMap.size() + ");\n\n"
                 + "        // This is an auto-generated file and should not be manually edited.\n"
                 + "        //   LSR Revision: " + LSRrevisionDate);
             writer.newLine();

make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/tzdb/TzdbZoneRulesCompiler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2012, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public final class TzdbZoneRulesCompiler {
             // link version-region-rules
             out.writeShort(builtZones.size());
             for (Map.Entry<String, ZoneRules> entry : builtZones.entrySet()) {
-                 int regionIndex = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, entry.getKey());
+                 int regionIndex = findRegionIndex(regionArray, entry.getKey());
                  int rulesIndex = rulesList.indexOf(entry.getValue());
                  out.writeShort(regionIndex);
                  out.writeShort(rulesIndex);
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@ public final class TzdbZoneRulesCompiler {
             // alias-region
             out.writeShort(links.size());
             for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : links.entrySet()) {
-                 int aliasIndex = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, entry.getKey());
-                 int regionIndex = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, entry.getValue());
+                 int aliasIndex = findRegionIndex(regionArray, entry.getKey());
+                 int regionIndex = findRegionIndex(regionArray, entry.getValue());
                  out.writeShort(aliasIndex);
                  out.writeShort(regionIndex);
             }
@@ -294,6 +294,14 @@ public final class TzdbZoneRulesCompiler {
         }
     }
 
+    private static int findRegionIndex(String[] regionArray, String region) {
+        int index = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, region);
+        if (index < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown region: " + region);
+        }
+        return index;
+    }
+
     /** Whether to output verbose messages. */
     private boolean verbose;
 

make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/tzdb/TzdbZoneRulesProvider.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2014, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
                         }
                         continue;
                     }
-                    if (line.startsWith("Zone")) {        // parse Zone line
+                    int token0len = tokens.length > 0 ? tokens[0].length() : line.length();
+                    if (line.regionMatches(true, 0, "Zone", 0, token0len)) {        // parse Zone line
                         String name = tokens[1];
                         if (excludedZones.contains(name)){
                             continue;
@@ -181,13 +182,13 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
                         if (zLine.parse(tokens, 2)) {
                             openZone = null;
                         }
-                    } else if (line.startsWith("Rule")) { // parse Rule line
+                    } else if (line.regionMatches(true, 0, "Rule", 0, token0len)) { // parse Rule line
                         String name = tokens[1];
                         if (!rules.containsKey(name)) {
                             rules.put(name, new ArrayList<RuleLine>(10));
                         }
                         rules.get(name).add(new RuleLine().parse(tokens));
-                    } else if (line.startsWith("Link")) { // parse link line
+                    } else if (line.regionMatches(true, 0, "Link", 0, token0len)) { // parse link line
                         if (tokens.length >= 3) {
                             String realId = tokens[1];
                             String aliasId = tokens[2];
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
             month = parseMonth(tokens[off++]);
             if (off < tokens.length) {
                 String dayRule = tokens[off++];
-                if (dayRule.startsWith("last")) {
+                if (dayRule.regionMatches(true, 0, "last", 0, 4)) {
                     dayOfMonth = -1;
                     dayOfWeek = parseDayOfWeek(dayRule.substring(4));
                     adjustForwards = false;
@@ -354,42 +355,45 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
         }
 
         int parseYear(String year, int defaultYear) {
-            switch (year.toLowerCase()) {
-            case "min":  return 1900;
-            case "max":  return Year.MAX_VALUE;
-            case "only": return defaultYear;
-            }
+            int len = year.length();
+
+            if (year.regionMatches(true, 0, "minimum", 0, len)) return 1900;
+            if (year.regionMatches(true, 0, "maximum", 0, len)) return Year.MAX_VALUE;
+            if (year.regionMatches(true, 0, "only", 0, len)) return defaultYear;
+
             return Integer.parseInt(year);
         }
 
         Month parseMonth(String mon) {
-            switch (mon) {
-            case "Jan": return Month.JANUARY;
-            case "Feb": return Month.FEBRUARY;
-            case "Mar": return Month.MARCH;
-            case "Apr": return Month.APRIL;
-            case "May": return Month.MAY;
-            case "Jun": return Month.JUNE;
-            case "Jul": return Month.JULY;
-            case "Aug": return Month.AUGUST;
-            case "Sep": return Month.SEPTEMBER;
-            case "Oct": return Month.OCTOBER;
-            case "Nov": return Month.NOVEMBER;
-            case "Dec": return Month.DECEMBER;
-            }
+            int len = mon.length();
+
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "January", 0, len)) return Month.JANUARY;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "February", 0, len)) return Month.FEBRUARY;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "March", 0, len)) return Month.MARCH;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "April", 0, len)) return Month.APRIL;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "May", 0, len)) return Month.MAY;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "June", 0, len)) return Month.JUNE;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "July", 0, len)) return Month.JULY;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "August", 0, len)) return Month.AUGUST;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "September", 0, len)) return Month.SEPTEMBER;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "October", 0, len)) return Month.OCTOBER;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "November", 0, len)) return Month.NOVEMBER;
+            if (mon.regionMatches(true, 0, "December", 0, len)) return Month.DECEMBER;
+
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown month: " + mon);
         }
 
         DayOfWeek parseDayOfWeek(String dow) {
-            switch (dow) {
-            case "Mon": return DayOfWeek.MONDAY;
-            case "Tue": return DayOfWeek.TUESDAY;
-            case "Wed": return DayOfWeek.WEDNESDAY;
-            case "Thu": return DayOfWeek.THURSDAY;
-            case "Fri": return DayOfWeek.FRIDAY;
-            case "Sat": return DayOfWeek.SATURDAY;
-            case "Sun": return DayOfWeek.SUNDAY;
-            }
+            int len = dow.length();
+
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Monday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.MONDAY;
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Tuesday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.TUESDAY;
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Wednesday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.WEDNESDAY;
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Thursday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.THURSDAY;
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Friday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.FRIDAY;
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Saturday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.SATURDAY;
+            if (dow.regionMatches(true, 0, "Sunday", 0, len)) return DayOfWeek.SUNDAY;
+
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown day-of-week: " + dow);
         }
 

make/lib/Awt2dLibraries.gmk

@@ -358,8 +358,6 @@ endif
 # The fast floor code loses precision.
 LCMS_CFLAGS=-DCMS_DONT_USE_FAST_FLOOR
 
-LCMS_CFLAGS_JDKLIB := $(filter-out -xc99=%none, $(CFLAGS_JDKLIB))
-
 ifeq ($(USE_EXTERNAL_LCMS), true)
   # If we're using an external library, we'll just need the wrapper part.
   # By including it explicitly, all other files will be excluded.
@@ -382,7 +380,7 @@ $(eval $(call SetupJdkLibrary, BUILD_LIBLCMS, \
     NAME := lcms, \
     INCLUDE_FILES := $(BUILD_LIBLCMS_INCLUDE_FILES), \
     OPTIMIZATION := HIGHEST, \
-    CFLAGS := $(LCMS_CFLAGS_JDKLIB) \
+    CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS_JDKLIB) \
         $(LCMS_CFLAGS), \
     CFLAGS_solaris := -xc99=no_lib, \
     CFLAGS_windows := -DCMS_IS_WINDOWS_, \

make/lib/CoreLibraries.gmk

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ $(eval $(call SetupNativeCompilation, BUILD_LIBFDLIBM, \
     CFLAGS_windows_debug := -DLOGGING, \
     CFLAGS_aix := -qfloat=nomaf, \
     DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := sign-compare misleading-indentation array-bounds, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc_k_rem_pio2.c := maybe-uninitialized, \
     DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := 4146 4244 4018, \
     ARFLAGS := $(ARFLAGS), \
     OBJECT_DIR := $(SUPPORT_OUTPUTDIR)/native/$(MODULE)/libfdlibm, \

make/scripts/compare.sh

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ if [ "$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = "macosx" ]; then
     LDD_CMD="$OTOOL -L"
     DIS_CMD="$OTOOL -v -V -t"
     STAT_PRINT_SIZE="-f %z"
+    STRIP="$STRIP -no_code_signature_warning"
 elif [ "$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = "windows" ]; then
     FULLDUMP_CMD="$DUMPBIN -all"
     LDD_CMD="$DUMPBIN -dependents"
@@ -638,14 +639,22 @@ compare_bin_file() {
     ORIG_THIS_FILE="$THIS_FILE"
     ORIG_OTHER_FILE="$OTHER_FILE"
 
-    if [ "$STRIP_ALL" = "true" ] || [[ "$STRIP_BEFORE_COMPARE" = *"$BIN_FILE"* ]]; then
+    if [ "$STRIP_ALL" = "true" ] || [[ "$STRIP_BEFORE_COMPARE" = *"$BIN_FILE"* ]] \
+           || [ "$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = "macosx" ]; then
         THIS_STRIPPED_FILE=$FILE_WORK_DIR/this/$NAME
         OTHER_STRIPPED_FILE=$FILE_WORK_DIR/other/$NAME
         $MKDIR -p $FILE_WORK_DIR/this $FILE_WORK_DIR/other
         $CP $THIS_FILE $THIS_STRIPPED_FILE
         $CP $OTHER_FILE $OTHER_STRIPPED_FILE
-        $STRIP $THIS_STRIPPED_FILE
-        $STRIP $OTHER_STRIPPED_FILE
+        if [ "$STRIP_ALL" = "true" ] || [[ "$STRIP_BEFORE_COMPARE" = *"$BIN_FILE"* ]]; then
+            $STRIP $THIS_STRIPPED_FILE
+            $STRIP $OTHER_STRIPPED_FILE
+        fi
+        # On macosx, always remove any signature before comparing
+        if [ "$OPENJDK_TARGET_OS" = "macosx" ]; then
+            $CODESIGN --remove-signature $THIS_STRIPPED_FILE
+            $CODESIGN --remove-signature $OTHER_STRIPPED_FILE
+        fi
         THIS_FILE="$THIS_STRIPPED_FILE"
         OTHER_FILE="$OTHER_STRIPPED_FILE"
     fi

make/test/BuildTestLib.gmk

@@ -45,12 +45,14 @@ $(eval $(call SetupJavaCompilation, BUILD_WB_JAR, \
 
 TARGETS += $(BUILD_WB_JAR)
 
-# test-lib.jar will contain only hprof classes until JDK-8081381 is resolved
 $(eval $(call SetupJavaCompilation, BUILD_TEST_LIB_JAR, \
     SETUP := GENERATE_USINGJDKBYTECODE, \
-    SRC := $(TEST_LIB_SOURCE_DIR)/jdk/test/lib/hprof, \
+    SRC := $(TEST_LIB_SOURCE_DIR), \
+    EXCLUDES := jdk/test/lib/containers jdk/test/lib/security, \
     BIN := $(TEST_LIB_SUPPORT)/test-lib_classes, \
+    HEADERS := $(TEST_LIB_SUPPORT)/test-lib_headers, \
     JAR := $(TEST_LIB_SUPPORT)/test-lib.jar, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS := try deprecation rawtypes unchecked serial cast, \
 ))
 
 TARGETS += $(BUILD_TEST_LIB_JAR)

make/test/BuildTestLibNative.gmk

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+#
+# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+# published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+#
+# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+# accompanied this code).
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
+# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+# questions.
+#
+
+################################################################################
+# This file builds the native component of testlib.
+# It also covers the test-image part, where the built files are copied to the
+# test image.
+################################################################################
+
+default: all
+
+include $(SPEC)
+include MakeBase.gmk
+include TestFilesCompilation.gmk
+
+################################################################################
+# Targets for building the native tests themselves.
+################################################################################
+
+BUILD_LIBTEST_NATIVE_SRC := $(TOPDIR)/test/lib
+
+BUILD_LIBTEST_OUTPUT_DIR := $(OUTPUTDIR)/support/test/lib/native
+
+BUILD_LIBTEST_IMAGE_DIR := $(TEST_IMAGE_DIR)/lib
+
+# This evaluation is expensive and should only be done if this target was
+# explicitly called.
+ifneq ($(filter build-test-lib-native, $(MAKECMDGOALS)), )
+  $(eval $(call SetupTestFilesCompilation, BUILD_LIBTEST_LIBRARIES, \
+      TYPE := LIBRARY, \
+      SOURCE_DIRS := $(BUILD_LIBTEST_NATIVE_SRC), \
+      OUTPUT_DIR := $(BUILD_LIBTEST_OUTPUT_DIR), \
+  ))
+endif
+
+build-test-lib-native: $(BUILD_LIBTEST_LIBRARIES)
+
+################################################################################
+# Targets for building test-image.
+################################################################################
+
+# Copy to testlib test image. We need it in both hotspot and jdk.
+$(eval $(call SetupCopyFiles, COPY_LIBTEST_NATIVE_TO_HOTSPOT, \
+    SRC := $(BUILD_LIBTEST_OUTPUT_DIR), \
+    DEST := $(TEST_IMAGE_DIR)/hotspot/jtreg/native, \
+    FILES := $(wildcard $(addprefix $(BUILD_LIBTEST_OUTPUT_DIR), /lib/*)), \
+    FLATTEN := true, \
+))
+
+$(eval $(call SetupCopyFiles, COPY_LIBTEST_NATIVE_TO_JDK, \
+    SRC := $(BUILD_LIBTEST_OUTPUT_DIR), \
+    DEST := $(TEST_IMAGE_DIR)/jdk/jtreg/native, \
+    FILES := $(wildcard $(addprefix $(BUILD_LIBTEST_OUTPUT_DIR), /lib/*)), \
+    FLATTEN := true, \
+))
+
+test-image-lib-native: $(COPY_LIBTEST_NATIVE_TO_HOTSPOT) $(COPY_LIBTEST_NATIVE_TO_JDK)
+
+all: build-test-lib-native
+
+.PHONY: default all build-test-lib-native test-image-lib-native

src/hotspot/cpu/aarch64/c1_LIRGenerator_aarch64.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2014, Red Hat Inc. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
@@ -166,8 +166,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
   if (index->is_register()) {
     // apply the shift and accumulate the displacement
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     if (large_disp != 0) {

src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/c1_CodeStubs_ppc.cpp

@@ -449,6 +449,9 @@ void ArrayCopyStub::emit_code(LIR_Assembler* ce) {
   __ extsw(R7_ARG5, length()->as_register());
 
   ce->emit_static_call_stub();
+  if (ce->compilation()->bailed_out()) {
+    return; // CodeCache is full
+  }
 
   bool success = ce->emit_trampoline_stub_for_call(SharedRuntime::get_resolve_static_call_stub());
   if (!success) { return; }

src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/c1_LIRGenerator_ppc.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2017, SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
@@ -162,8 +162,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
   if (index->is_register()) {
     // Apply the shift and accumulate the displacement.
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     if (large_disp != 0) {

src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/ppc.ad

@@ -2162,7 +2162,10 @@ int HandlerImpl::emit_exception_handler(CodeBuffer &cbuf) {
   MacroAssembler _masm(&cbuf);
 
   address base = __ start_a_stub(size_exception_handler());
-  if (base == NULL) return 0; // CodeBuffer::expand failed
+  if (base == NULL) {
+    ciEnv::current()->record_failure("CodeCache is full");
+    return 0;  // CodeBuffer::expand failed
+  }
 
   int offset = __ offset();
   __ b64_patchable((address)OptoRuntime::exception_blob()->content_begin(),
@@ -2179,7 +2182,10 @@ int HandlerImpl::emit_deopt_handler(CodeBuffer& cbuf) {
   MacroAssembler _masm(&cbuf);
 
   address base = __ start_a_stub(size_deopt_handler());
-  if (base == NULL) return 0; // CodeBuffer::expand failed
+  if (base == NULL) {
+    ciEnv::current()->record_failure("CodeCache is full");
+    return 0;  // CodeBuffer::expand failed
+  }
 
   int offset = __ offset();
   __ bl64_patchable((address)SharedRuntime::deopt_blob()->unpack(),
@@ -2950,15 +2956,16 @@ encode %{
     intptr_t val = $src$$constant;
     relocInfo::relocType constant_reloc = $src->constant_reloc();  // src
     address const_toc_addr;
+    RelocationHolder r; // Initializes type to none.
     if (constant_reloc == relocInfo::oop_type) {
       // Create an oop constant and a corresponding relocation.
-      AddressLiteral a = __ allocate_oop_address((jobject)val);
+      AddressLiteral a = __ constant_oop_address((jobject)val);
       const_toc_addr = __ address_constant((address)a.value(), RelocationHolder::none);
-      __ relocate(a.rspec());
+      r = a.rspec();
     } else if (constant_reloc == relocInfo::metadata_type) {
+      // Notify OOP recorder (don't need the relocation)
       AddressLiteral a = __ constant_metadata_address((Metadata *)val);
       const_toc_addr = __ address_constant((address)a.value(), RelocationHolder::none);
-      __ relocate(a.rspec());
     } else {
       // Create a non-oop constant, no relocation needed.
       const_toc_addr = __ long_constant((jlong)$src$$constant);
@@ -2968,6 +2975,7 @@ encode %{
       ciEnv::current()->record_out_of_memory_failure();
       return;
     }
+    __ relocate(r); // If set above.
     // Get the constant's TOC offset.
     toc_offset = __ offset_to_method_toc(const_toc_addr);
 
@@ -2982,15 +2990,16 @@ encode %{
       intptr_t val = $src$$constant;
       relocInfo::relocType constant_reloc = $src->constant_reloc();  // src
       address const_toc_addr;
+      RelocationHolder r; // Initializes type to none.
       if (constant_reloc == relocInfo::oop_type) {
         // Create an oop constant and a corresponding relocation.
-        AddressLiteral a = __ allocate_oop_address((jobject)val);
+        AddressLiteral a = __ constant_oop_address((jobject)val);
         const_toc_addr = __ address_constant((address)a.value(), RelocationHolder::none);
-        __ relocate(a.rspec());
+        r = a.rspec();
       } else if (constant_reloc == relocInfo::metadata_type) {
+        // Notify OOP recorder (don't need the relocation)
         AddressLiteral a = __ constant_metadata_address((Metadata *)val);
         const_toc_addr = __ address_constant((address)a.value(), RelocationHolder::none);
-        __ relocate(a.rspec());
       } else {  // non-oop pointers, e.g. card mark base, heap top
         // Create a non-oop constant, no relocation needed.
         const_toc_addr = __ long_constant((jlong)$src$$constant);
@@ -3000,6 +3009,7 @@ encode %{
         ciEnv::current()->record_out_of_memory_failure();
         return;
       }
+      __ relocate(r); // If set above.
       // Get the constant's TOC offset.
       const int toc_offset = __ offset_to_method_toc(const_toc_addr);
       // Store the toc offset of the constant.

src/hotspot/cpu/s390/c1_CodeStubs_s390.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2016, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- * Copyright (c) 2016, 2018 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2024 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -440,6 +440,7 @@ void ArrayCopyStub::emit_code(LIR_Assembler* ce) {
          "must be aligned");
 
   ce->emit_static_call_stub();
+  CHECK_BAILOUT();
 
   // Prepend each BRASL with a nop.
   __ relocate(relocInfo::static_call_type);

src/hotspot/cpu/s390/c1_LIRGenerator_s390.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2016, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2016, 2017, SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
@@ -156,8 +156,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
     return new LIR_Address(base, index, type);
   } else {
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     return new LIR_Address(base, index, disp, type);

src/hotspot/cpu/s390/s390.ad

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //
 // Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-// Copyright (c) 2017, SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright (c) 2017, 2024 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
 // DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 //
 // This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -1430,6 +1430,7 @@ int HandlerImpl::emit_exception_handler(CodeBuffer &cbuf) {
 
   address base = __ start_a_stub(size_exception_handler());
   if (base == NULL) {
+    ciEnv::current()->record_failure("CodeCache is full");
     return 0;          // CodeBuffer::expand failed
   }
 
@@ -1451,6 +1452,7 @@ int HandlerImpl::emit_deopt_handler(CodeBuffer& cbuf) {
   address        base = __ start_a_stub(size_deopt_handler());
 
   if (base == NULL) {
+    ciEnv::current()->record_failure("CodeCache is full");
     return 0;  // CodeBuffer::expand failed
   }
 

src/hotspot/cpu/sparc/c1_LIRGenerator_sparc.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -160,8 +160,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
   if (index->is_register()) {
     // apply the shift and accumulate the displacement
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     if (large_disp != 0) {

src/hotspot/os/aix/os_aix.cpp

@@ -1313,10 +1313,9 @@ bool os::dll_address_to_library_name(address addr, char* buf,
 
 // Loads .dll/.so and in case of error it checks if .dll/.so was built
 // for the same architecture as Hotspot is running on.
-void *os::dll_load(const char *filename, char *ebuf, int ebuflen) {
+static void* dll_load_library(const char *filename, char *ebuf, int ebuflen) {
 
   log_info(os)("attempting shared library load of %s", filename);
-
   if (ebuf && ebuflen > 0) {
     ebuf[0] = '\0';
     ebuf[ebuflen - 1] = '\0';
@@ -1359,6 +1358,26 @@ void* os::dll_lookup(void* handle, const char* name) {
 void* os::get_default_process_handle() {
   return (void*)::dlopen(NULL, RTLD_LAZY);
 }
+// Load library named <filename>
+// If filename matches <name>.so, and loading fails, repeat with <name>.a.
+void *os::dll_load(const char *filename, char *ebuf, int ebuflen) {
+  void* result = nullptr;
+  char* const file_path = strdup(filename);
+  char* const pointer_to_dot = strrchr(file_path, '.');
+  const char old_extension[] = ".so";
+  const char new_extension[] = ".a";
+  STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(old_extension) >= sizeof(new_extension));
+  // First try to load the existing file.
+  result = dll_load_library(filename, ebuf, ebuflen);
+  // If the load fails,we try to reload by changing the extension to .a for .so files only.
+  // Shared object in .so format dont have braces, hence they get removed for archives with members.
+  if (result == nullptr && pointer_to_dot != nullptr && strcmp(pointer_to_dot, old_extension) == 0) {
+    snprintf(pointer_to_dot, sizeof(old_extension), "%s", new_extension);
+    result = dll_load_library(file_path, ebuf, ebuflen);
+  }
+  FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, file_path);
+  return result;
+}
 
 void os::print_dll_info(outputStream *st) {
   st->print_cr("Dynamic libraries:");

src/hotspot/os/aix/os_aix.inline.hpp

@@ -142,10 +142,6 @@ inline int os::connect(int fd, struct sockaddr *him, socklen_t len) {
   RESTARTABLE_RETURN_INT(::connect(fd, him, len));
 }
 
-inline struct hostent* os::get_host_by_name(char* name) {
-  return ::gethostbyname(name);
-}
-
 inline bool os::supports_monotonic_clock() {
   // mread_real_time() is monotonic on AIX (see os::javaTimeNanos() comments)
   return true;

src/hotspot/os/bsd/os_bsd.inline.hpp

@@ -144,10 +144,6 @@ inline int os::connect(int fd, struct sockaddr* him, socklen_t len) {
   RESTARTABLE_RETURN_INT(::connect(fd, him, len));
 }
 
-inline struct hostent* os::get_host_by_name(char* name) {
-  return ::gethostbyname(name);
-}
-
 inline bool os::supports_monotonic_clock() {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
   return true;

src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1999, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2024 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ pid_t os::Linux::gettid() {
 julong os::Linux::host_swap() {
   struct sysinfo si;
   sysinfo(&si);
-  return (julong)si.totalswap;
+  return (julong)(si.totalswap * si.mem_unit);
 }
 
 // Most versions of linux have a bug where the number of processors are
@@ -1697,14 +1697,6 @@ const char* os::dll_file_extension() { return ".so"; }
 // directory not the java application's temp directory, ala java.io.tmpdir.
 const char* os::get_temp_directory() { return "/tmp"; }
 
-static bool file_exists(const char* filename) {
-  struct stat statbuf;
-  if (filename == NULL || strlen(filename) == 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return os::stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0;
-}
-
 // check if addr is inside libjvm.so
 bool os::address_is_in_vm(address addr) {
   static address libjvm_base_addr;
@@ -2313,7 +2305,6 @@ const char* distro_files[] = {
   "/etc/mandrake-release",
   "/etc/sun-release",
   "/etc/redhat-release",
-  "/etc/SuSE-release",
   "/etc/lsb-release",
   "/etc/turbolinux-release",
   "/etc/gentoo-release",
@@ -2321,6 +2312,7 @@ const char* distro_files[] = {
   "/etc/angstrom-version",
   "/etc/system-release",
   "/etc/os-release",
+  "/etc/SuSE-release", // Deprecated in favor of os-release since SuSE 12
   NULL };
 
 void os::Linux::print_distro_info(outputStream* st) {
@@ -2738,7 +2730,7 @@ static void print_sys_devices_cpu_info(outputStream* st, char* buf, size_t bufle
       snprintf(hbuf_type, 60, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/index%u/type", i);
       snprintf(hbuf_size, 60, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/index%u/size", i);
       snprintf(hbuf_coherency_line_size, 80, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/index%u/coherency_line_size", i);
-      if (file_exists(hbuf_level)) {
+      if (os::file_exists(hbuf_level)) {
         _print_ascii_file_h("cache level", hbuf_level, st);
         _print_ascii_file_h("cache type", hbuf_type, st);
         _print_ascii_file_h("cache size", hbuf_size, st);

src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.inline.hpp

@@ -136,10 +136,6 @@ inline int os::connect(int fd, struct sockaddr* him, socklen_t len) {
   RESTARTABLE_RETURN_INT(::connect(fd, him, len));
 }
 
-inline struct hostent* os::get_host_by_name(char* name) {
-  return ::gethostbyname(name);
-}
-
 inline bool os::supports_monotonic_clock() {
   return Linux::_clock_gettime != NULL;
 }

src/hotspot/os/linux/os_perf_linux.cpp

@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ SystemProcessInterface::SystemProcesses::ProcessIterator::ProcessIterator() {
 bool SystemProcessInterface::SystemProcesses::ProcessIterator::initialize() {
   _dir = os::opendir("/proc");
   _entry = NULL;
-  _valid = true;
+  _valid = _dir != NULL; // May be null if /proc is not accessible.
   next_process();
 
   return true;

src/hotspot/os/solaris/os_solaris.inline.hpp

@@ -92,10 +92,6 @@ inline int    os::socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
   return ::socket(domain, type, protocol);
 }
 
-inline struct hostent* os::get_host_by_name(char* name) {
-  return ::gethostbyname(name);
-}
-
 inline bool os::supports_monotonic_clock() {
   // javaTimeNanos() is monotonic on Solaris, see getTimeNanos() comments
   return true;

src/hotspot/os/windows/os_windows.cpp

@@ -5565,10 +5565,6 @@ static jint initSock() {
   return JNI_OK;
 }
 
-struct hostent* os::get_host_by_name(char* name) {
-  return (struct hostent*)gethostbyname(name);
-}
-
 int os::socket_close(int fd) {
   return ::closesocket(fd);
 }

src/hotspot/share/adlc/output_c.cpp

@@ -3040,6 +3040,9 @@ static void define_fill_new_machnode(bool used, FILE *fp_cpp) {
     fprintf(fp_cpp, "    if( i != cisc_operand() ) \n");
     fprintf(fp_cpp, "      to[i] = _opnds[i]->clone();\n");
     fprintf(fp_cpp, "  }\n");
+    fprintf(fp_cpp, "  // Do not increment node index counter, since node reuses my index\n");
+    fprintf(fp_cpp, "  Compile* C = Compile::current();\n");
+    fprintf(fp_cpp, "  C->set_unique(C->unique() - 1);\n");
     fprintf(fp_cpp, "}\n");
   }
   fprintf(fp_cpp, "\n");

src/hotspot/share/asm/codeBuffer.cpp

@@ -1046,10 +1046,11 @@ class CodeString: public CHeapObj<mtCode> {
   friend class CodeStrings;
   const char * _string;
   CodeString*  _next;
+  CodeString*  _prev;
   intptr_t     _offset;
 
   ~CodeString() {
-    assert(_next == NULL, "wrong interface for freeing list");
+    assert(_next == NULL && _prev == NULL, "wrong interface for freeing list");
     os::free((void*)_string);
   }
 
@@ -1057,7 +1058,7 @@ class CodeString: public CHeapObj<mtCode> {
 
  public:
   CodeString(const char * string, intptr_t offset = -1)
-    : _next(NULL), _offset(offset) {
+    : _next(NULL), _prev(NULL), _offset(offset) {
     _string = os::strdup(string, mtCode);
   }
 
@@ -1065,7 +1066,12 @@ class CodeString: public CHeapObj<mtCode> {
   intptr_t     offset() const { assert(_offset >= 0, "offset for non comment?"); return _offset;  }
   CodeString* next()    const { return _next; }
 
-  void set_next(CodeString* next) { _next = next; }
+  void set_next(CodeString* next) {
+    _next = next;
+    if (next != NULL) {
+      next->_prev = this;
+    }
+  }
 
   CodeString* first_comment() {
     if (is_comment()) {
@@ -1093,12 +1099,9 @@ CodeString* CodeStrings::find(intptr_t offset) const {
 
 // Convenience for add_comment.
 CodeString* CodeStrings::find_last(intptr_t offset) const {
-  CodeString* a = find(offset);
-  if (a != NULL) {
-    CodeString* c = NULL;
-    while (((c = a->next_comment()) != NULL) && (c->offset() == offset)) {
-      a = c;
-    }
+  CodeString* a = _strings_last;
+  while (a != NULL && !a->is_comment() && a->offset() > offset) {
+    a = a->_prev;
   }
   return a;
 }
@@ -1117,12 +1120,16 @@ void CodeStrings::add_comment(intptr_t offset, const char * comment) {
     c->set_next(_strings);
     _strings = c;
   }
+  if (c->next() == NULL) {
+    _strings_last = c;
+  }
 }
 
 void CodeStrings::assign(CodeStrings& other) {
   other.check_valid();
   assert(is_null(), "Cannot assign onto non-empty CodeStrings");
   _strings = other._strings;
+  _strings_last = other._strings_last;
 #ifdef ASSERT
   _defunct = false;
 #endif
@@ -1138,8 +1145,11 @@ void CodeStrings::copy(CodeStrings& other) {
   assert(is_null(), "Cannot copy onto non-empty CodeStrings");
   CodeString* n = other._strings;
   CodeString** ps = &_strings;
+  CodeString* prev = NULL;
   while (n != NULL) {
     *ps = new CodeString(n->string(),n->offset());
+    (*ps)->_prev = prev;
+    prev = *ps;
     ps = &((*ps)->_next);
     n = n->next();
   }
@@ -1168,6 +1178,10 @@ void CodeStrings::free() {
     // unlink the node from the list saving a pointer to the next
     CodeString* p = n->next();
     n->set_next(NULL);
+    if (p != NULL) {
+      assert(p->_prev == n, "missing prev link");
+      p->_prev = NULL;
+    }
     delete n;
     n = p;
   }
@@ -1178,6 +1192,9 @@ const char* CodeStrings::add_string(const char * string) {
   check_valid();
   CodeString* s = new CodeString(string);
   s->set_next(_strings);
+  if (_strings == NULL) {
+    _strings_last = s;
+  }
   _strings = s;
   assert(s->string() != NULL, "should have a string");
   return s->string();

src/hotspot/share/asm/codeBuffer.hpp

@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ class CodeStrings {
 private:
 #ifndef PRODUCT
   CodeString* _strings;
+  CodeString* _strings_last;
 #ifdef ASSERT
   // Becomes true after copy-out, forbids further use.
   bool _defunct; // Zero bit pattern is "valid", see memset call in decode_env::decode_env
@@ -262,6 +263,7 @@ private:
   void set_null_and_invalidate() {
 #ifndef PRODUCT
     _strings = NULL;
+    _strings_last = NULL;
 #ifdef ASSERT
     _defunct = true;
 #endif
@@ -272,6 +274,7 @@ public:
   CodeStrings() {
 #ifndef PRODUCT
     _strings = NULL;
+    _strings_last = NULL;
 #ifdef ASSERT
     _defunct = false;
 #endif

src/hotspot/share/c1/c1_RangeCheckElimination.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2012, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -446,14 +446,14 @@ void RangeCheckEliminator::in_block_motion(BlockBegin *block, AccessIndexedList
 
           if (c) {
             jint value = c->type()->as_IntConstant()->value();
-            if (value != min_jint) {
-              if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub) {
-                value = -value;
-              }
+            if (ao->op() == Bytecodes::_iadd) {
               base = java_add(base, value);
-              last_integer = base;
-              last_instruction = other;
+            } else {
+              assert(ao->op() == Bytecodes::_isub, "unexpected bytecode");
+              base = java_subtract(base, value);
             }
+            last_integer = base;
+            last_instruction = other;
             index = other;
           } else {
             break;

src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.cpp

@@ -1921,14 +1921,13 @@ oop java_lang_Throwable::message(oop throwable) {
 }
 
 
-// Return Symbol for detailed_message or NULL
-Symbol* java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(oop throwable) {
-  PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;  // Keep original exception
-  oop detailed_message = java_lang_Throwable::message(throwable);
-  if (detailed_message != NULL) {
-    return java_lang_String::as_symbol(detailed_message, THREAD);
+const char* java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(oop throwable) {
+  oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(throwable);
+  const char* msg_utf8 = NULL;
+  if (msg != NULL) {
+    msg_utf8 = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(msg);
   }
-  return NULL;
+  return msg_utf8;
 }
 
 void java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oop throwable, oop value) {

src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.hpp

@@ -532,11 +532,11 @@ class java_lang_Throwable: AllStatic {
   static void set_depth(oop throwable, int value);
   // Needed by JVMTI to filter out this internal field.
   static int get_backtrace_offset() { return backtrace_offset;}
-  static int get_detailMessage_offset() { return detailMessage_offset;}
   // Message
+  static int get_detailMessage_offset() { return detailMessage_offset;}
   static oop message(oop throwable);
+  static const char* message_as_utf8(oop throwable);
   static void set_message(oop throwable, oop value);
-  static Symbol* detail_message(oop throwable);
   static void print_stack_element(outputStream *st, const methodHandle& method, int bci);
   static void print_stack_usage(Handle stream);
 

src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 // add new entry to the table
 void ResolutionErrorTable::add_entry(int index, unsigned int hash,
                                      const constantPoolHandle& pool, int cp_index,
-                                     Symbol* error, Symbol* message)
+                                     Symbol* error, const char* message)
 {
   assert_locked_or_safepoint(SystemDictionary_lock);
   assert(!pool.is_null() && error != NULL, "adding NULL obj");
@@ -64,16 +64,14 @@ void ResolutionErrorEntry::set_error(Symbol* e) {
   _error->increment_refcount();
 }
 
-void ResolutionErrorEntry::set_message(Symbol* c) {
-  assert(c != NULL, "must set a value");
-  _message = c;
-  _message->increment_refcount();
+void ResolutionErrorEntry::set_message(const char* c) {
+  _message = c != NULL ? os::strdup(c) : NULL;
 }
 
 // create new error entry
 ResolutionErrorEntry* ResolutionErrorTable::new_entry(int hash, ConstantPool* pool,
                                                       int cp_index, Symbol* error,
-                                                      Symbol* message)
+                                                      const char* message)
 {
   ResolutionErrorEntry* entry = (ResolutionErrorEntry*)Hashtable<ConstantPool*, mtClass>::new_entry(hash, pool);
   entry->set_cp_index(cp_index);
@@ -87,7 +85,9 @@ void ResolutionErrorTable::free_entry(ResolutionErrorEntry *entry) {
   // decrement error refcount
   assert(entry->error() != NULL, "error should be set");
   entry->error()->decrement_refcount();
-  entry->message()->decrement_refcount();
+  if (entry->message() != NULL) {
+    FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, entry->message());
+  }
   Hashtable<ConstantPool*, mtClass>::free_entry(entry);
 }
 

src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.hpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public:
   ResolutionErrorTable(int table_size);
 
   ResolutionErrorEntry* new_entry(int hash, ConstantPool* pool, int cp_index,
-                                  Symbol* error, Symbol* message);
+                                  Symbol* error, const char* message);
   void free_entry(ResolutionErrorEntry *entry);
 
   ResolutionErrorEntry* bucket(int i) {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
   }
 
   void add_entry(int index, unsigned int hash,
-                 const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which, Symbol* error, Symbol* message);
+                 const constantPoolHandle& pool, int cp_index, Symbol* error, const char* error_msg);
 
 
   // find error given the constant pool and constant pool index
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ResolutionErrorEntry : public HashtableEntry<ConstantPool*, mtClass> {
  private:
   int               _cp_index;
   Symbol*           _error;
-  Symbol*           _message;
+  const char*       _message;
 
  public:
   ConstantPool*      pool() const               { return literal(); }
@@ -105,8 +105,9 @@ class ResolutionErrorEntry : public HashtableEntry<ConstantPool*, mtClass> {
   Symbol*            error() const              { return _error; }
   void               set_error(Symbol* e);
 
-  Symbol*            message() const            { return _message; }
-  void               set_message(Symbol* c);
+  const char*        message() const            { return _message; }
+  // The incoming message is copied to the C-Heap.
+  void               set_message(const char* c);
 
   ResolutionErrorEntry* next() const {
     return (ResolutionErrorEntry*)HashtableEntry<ConstantPool*, mtClass>::next();

src/hotspot/share/classfile/symbolTable.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -301,7 +301,23 @@ unsigned int SymbolTable::hash_shared_symbol(const char* s, int len) {
 // entries in the symbol table during normal execution (only during
 // safepoints).
 
+// Symbols should represent entities from the constant pool that are
+// limited to <64K in length, but usage errors creep in allowing Symbols
+// to be used for arbitrary strings. For debug builds we will assert if
+// a string is too long, whereas product builds will truncate it.
+static int check_length(const char* name, int len) {
+  assert(len <= Symbol::max_length(),
+         "String length %d exceeds the maximum Symbol length of %d", len, Symbol::max_length());
+  if (len > Symbol::max_length()) {
+    warning("A string \"%.80s ... %.80s\" exceeds the maximum Symbol "
+            "length of %d and has been truncated", name, (name + len - 80), Symbol::max_length());
+    len = Symbol::max_length();
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
 Symbol* SymbolTable::lookup(const char* name, int len, TRAPS) {
+  len = check_length(name, len);
   unsigned int hashValue = hash_symbol(name, len);
   int index = the_table()->hash_to_index(hashValue);
 
@@ -432,6 +448,7 @@ void SymbolTable::add(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, const constantPoolHandle& cp
     for (int i=0; i<names_count; i++) {
       int index = table->hash_to_index(hashValues[i]);
       bool c_heap = !loader_data->is_the_null_class_loader_data();
+      assert(lengths[i] <= Symbol::max_length(), "must be - these come from the constant pool");
       Symbol* sym = table->basic_add(index, (u1*)names[i], lengths[i], hashValues[i], c_heap, CHECK);
       cp->symbol_at_put(cp_indices[i], sym);
     }
@@ -440,7 +457,8 @@ void SymbolTable::add(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, const constantPoolHandle& cp
 
 Symbol* SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(const char* name, TRAPS) {
   unsigned int hash;
-  Symbol* result = SymbolTable::lookup_only((char*)name, (int)strlen(name), hash);
+  int len = check_length(name, (int)strlen(name));
+  Symbol* result = SymbolTable::lookup_only((char*)name, len, hash);
   if (result != NULL) {
     return result;
   }
@@ -449,13 +467,14 @@ Symbol* SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(const char* name, TRAPS) {
 
   SymbolTable* table = the_table();
   int index = table->hash_to_index(hash);
-  return table->basic_add(index, (u1*)name, (int)strlen(name), hash, false, THREAD);
+  return table->basic_add(index, (u1*)name, len, hash, false, THREAD);
 }
 
 Symbol* SymbolTable::basic_add(int index_arg, u1 *name, int len,
                                unsigned int hashValue_arg, bool c_heap, TRAPS) {
   assert(!Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(name),
          "proposed name of symbol must be stable");
+  assert(len <= Symbol::max_length(), "caller should have ensured this");
 
   // Don't allow symbols to be created which cannot fit in a Symbol*.
   if (len > Symbol::max_length()) {

src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.cpp

@@ -2290,7 +2290,7 @@ bool SystemDictionary::add_loader_constraint(Symbol* class_name,
 // Add entry to resolution error table to record the error when the first
 // attempt to resolve a reference to a class has failed.
 void SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
-                                            Symbol* error, Symbol* message) {
+                                            Symbol* error, const char* message) {
   unsigned int hash = resolution_errors()->compute_hash(pool, which);
   int index = resolution_errors()->hash_to_index(hash);
   {
@@ -2306,7 +2306,7 @@ void SystemDictionary::delete_resolution_error(ConstantPool* pool) {
 
 // Lookup resolution error table. Returns error if found, otherwise NULL.
 Symbol* SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
-                                                Symbol** message) {
+                                                const char** message) {
   unsigned int hash = resolution_errors()->compute_hash(pool, which);
   int index = resolution_errors()->hash_to_index(hash);
   {

src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.hpp

@@ -579,10 +579,10 @@ public:
   // Record the error when the first attempt to resolve a reference from a constant
   // pool entry to a class fails.
   static void add_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which, Symbol* error,
-                                   Symbol* message);
+                                   const char* message);
   static void delete_resolution_error(ConstantPool* pool);
   static Symbol* find_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
-                                       Symbol** message);
+                                       const char** message);
 
 
   static ProtectionDomainCacheEntry* cache_get(Handle protection_domain);

src/hotspot/share/code/codeCache.cpp

@@ -1364,7 +1364,9 @@ void CodeCache::report_codemem_full(int code_blob_type, bool print) {
   CodeHeap* heap = get_code_heap(code_blob_type);
   assert(heap != NULL, "heap is null");
 
-  if ((heap->full_count() == 0) || print) {
+  heap->report_full();
+
+  if ((heap->full_count() == 1) || print) {
     // Not yet reported for this heap, report
     if (SegmentedCodeCache) {
       ResourceMark rm;
@@ -1401,7 +1403,7 @@ void CodeCache::report_codemem_full(int code_blob_type, bool print) {
       tty->print("%s", s.as_string());
     }
 
-    if (heap->full_count() == 0) {
+    if (heap->full_count() == 1) {
       LogTarget(Debug, codecache) lt;
       if (lt.is_enabled()) {
         CompileBroker::print_heapinfo(tty, "all", 4096); // details, may be a lot!
@@ -1409,8 +1411,6 @@ void CodeCache::report_codemem_full(int code_blob_type, bool print) {
     }
   }
 
-  heap->report_full();
-
   EventCodeCacheFull event;
   if (event.should_commit()) {
     event.set_codeBlobType((u1)code_blob_type);

src/hotspot/share/code/icBuffer.cpp

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void InlineCacheBuffer::init_next_stub() {
 
 void InlineCacheBuffer::initialize() {
   if (_buffer != NULL) return; // already initialized
-  _buffer = new StubQueue(new ICStubInterface, 10*K, InlineCacheBuffer_lock, "InlineCacheBuffer");
+  _buffer = new StubQueue(new ICStubInterface, checked_cast<int>(InlineCacheBufferSize), InlineCacheBuffer_lock, "InlineCacheBuffer");
   assert (_buffer != NULL, "cannot allocate InlineCacheBuffer");
   init_next_stub();
 }

src/hotspot/share/code/stubs.cpp

@@ -214,8 +214,6 @@ void StubQueue::verify() {
   guarantee(0 <= _queue_begin  && _queue_begin  <  _buffer_limit, "_queue_begin out of bounds");
   guarantee(0 <= _queue_end    && _queue_end    <= _buffer_limit, "_queue_end   out of bounds");
   // verify alignment
-  guarantee(_buffer_size  % CodeEntryAlignment == 0, "_buffer_size  not aligned");
-  guarantee(_buffer_limit % CodeEntryAlignment == 0, "_buffer_limit not aligned");
   guarantee(_queue_begin  % CodeEntryAlignment == 0, "_queue_begin  not aligned");
   guarantee(_queue_end    % CodeEntryAlignment == 0, "_queue_end    not aligned");
   // verify buffer limit/size relationship

src/hotspot/share/compiler/compilerDefinitions.cpp

@@ -313,6 +313,11 @@ bool CompilerConfig::check_args_consistency(bool status) {
                 "Invalid NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/K,
                 min_code_cache_size/K);
     status = false;
+  } else if (InlineCacheBufferSize > NonNMethodCodeHeapSize / 2) {
+    jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
+                "Invalid InlineCacheBufferSize=" SIZE_FORMAT "K. Must be less than or equal to " SIZE_FORMAT "K.\n",
+                InlineCacheBufferSize/K, NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/2/K);
+    status = false;
   }
 
 #ifdef _LP64

src/hotspot/share/jfr/recorder/checkpoint/types/jfrThreadGroup.cpp

@@ -150,8 +150,12 @@ int JfrThreadGroupsHelper::populate_thread_group_hierarchy(const JavaThread* jt,
   assert(current != NULL, "invariant");
   assert(_thread_group_hierarchy != NULL, "invariant");
 
+  oop thread_oop = jt->threadObj();
+  if (thread_oop == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
   // immediate thread group
-  Handle thread_group_handle(current, java_lang_Thread::threadGroup(jt->threadObj()));
+  Handle thread_group_handle(current, java_lang_Thread::threadGroup(thread_oop));
   if (thread_group_handle == NULL) {
     return 0;
   }

src/hotspot/share/jfr/recorder/checkpoint/types/jfrType.cpp

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void JfrCheckpointThreadClosure::do_thread(Thread* t) {
   if (t->is_Java_thread()) {
     JavaThread* const jt = (JavaThread*)t;
     _writer.write(jt->name());
-    _writer.write(java_lang_Thread::thread_id(jt->threadObj()));
+    _writer.write(jt->threadObj() != NULL ? java_lang_Thread::thread_id(jt->threadObj()) : 0);
     _writer.write(JfrThreadGroup::thread_group_id(jt, _curthread));
     // since we are iterating threads during a safepoint, also issue notification
     JfrJavaEventWriter::notify(jt);

src/hotspot/share/logging/logFileOutput.cpp

@@ -83,11 +83,6 @@ static size_t parse_value(const char* value_str) {
   return value;
 }
 
-static bool file_exists(const char* filename) {
-  struct stat dummy_stat;
-  return os::stat(filename, &dummy_stat) == 0;
-}
-
 static uint number_of_digits(uint number) {
   return number < 10 ? 1 : (number < 100 ? 2 : 3);
 }
@@ -130,7 +125,7 @@ static uint next_file_number(const char* filename,
     assert(ret > 0 && static_cast<size_t>(ret) == len - 1,
            "incorrect buffer length calculation");
 
-    if (file_exists(archive_name) && !is_regular_file(archive_name)) {
+    if (os::file_exists(archive_name) && !is_regular_file(archive_name)) {
       // We've encountered something that's not a regular file among the
       // possible file rotation targets. Fail immediately to prevent
       // problems later.
@@ -141,7 +136,7 @@ static uint next_file_number(const char* filename,
     }
 
     // Stop looking if we find an unused file name
-    if (!file_exists(archive_name)) {
+    if (!os::file_exists(archive_name)) {
       next_num = i;
       found = true;
       break;
@@ -224,7 +219,7 @@ bool LogFileOutput::initialize(const char* options, outputStream* errstream) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  bool file_exist = file_exists(_file_name);
+  bool file_exist = os::file_exists(_file_name);
   if (file_exist && _is_default_file_count && is_fifo_file(_file_name)) {
     _file_count = 0; // Prevent file rotation for fifo's such as named pipes.
   }

src/hotspot/share/oops/constantPool.cpp

@@ -734,13 +734,16 @@ void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_
   }
 }
 
-Symbol* ConstantPool::exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
+const char* ConstantPool::exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
+  // Note: caller needs ResourceMark
+
   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
-  Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(pending_exception);
-  if (message != NULL) {
-    return message;
+  const char* msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(pending_exception);
+  if (msg != NULL) {
+    return msg;
   }
 
+  Symbol* message = NULL;
   // Return specific message for the tag
   switch (tag.value()) {
   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
@@ -763,16 +766,16 @@ Symbol* ConstantPool::exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int w
     ShouldNotReachHere();
   }
 
-  return message;
+  return message != NULL ? message->as_C_string() : NULL;
 }
 
 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
-  Symbol* message = NULL;
+  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+  const char* message = NULL;
   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message);
   assert(error != NULL && message != NULL, "checking");
   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
-  ResourceMark rm;
-  THROW_MSG(error, message->as_C_string());
+  THROW_MSG(error, message);
 }
 
 // If resolution for Class, Dynamic constant, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the
@@ -790,7 +793,9 @@ void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, i
     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
-    Symbol* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
+    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
+
+    const char* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
     SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message);
     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This

src/hotspot/share/oops/constantPool.hpp

@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ class ConstantPool : public Metadata {
                                                bool must_resolve, Handle if_not_available, TRAPS);
 
   // Exception handling
-  static Symbol* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception);
+  static const char* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception);
   static void save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, TRAPS);
 
  public: