8348328: Update IANA Language Subtag Registry to Version 2025-05-15

Reviewed-by: andrew
Backport-of: f318868268

.github/actions/do-build/action.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2022, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ runs:
     - name: 'Build'
       id: build
       run: >
-        make LOG=info ${{ inputs.make-target }}
+        make -k LOG=info ${{ inputs.make-target }}
         || bash ./.github/scripts/gen-build-failure-report.sh "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
       shell: bash
 

.github/scripts/gen-build-failure-report.sh

@@ -24,12 +24,19 @@
 # questions.
 #
 
+# Import common utils
+. .github/scripts/report-utils.sh
+
 GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY="$1"
 BUILD_DIR="$(ls -d build/*)"
 
 # Send signal to the do-build action that we failed
 touch "$BUILD_DIR/build-failure"
 
+# Collect hs_errs for build-time crashes, e.g. javac, jmod, jlink, CDS.
+# These usually land in make/
+hs_err_files=$(ls make/hs_err*.log 2> /dev/null || true)
+
 (
   echo '### :boom: Build failure summary'
   echo ''
@@ -46,6 +53,20 @@ touch "$BUILD_DIR/build-failure"
   echo '</details>'
   echo ''
 
+  for hs_err in $hs_err_files; do
+    echo "<details><summary><b>View HotSpot error log: "$hs_err"</b></summary>"
+    echo ''
+    echo '```'
+    echo "$hs_err:"
+    echo ''
+    cat "$hs_err"
+    echo '```'
+    echo '</details>'
+    echo ''
+  done
+
   echo ''
   echo ':arrow_right: To see the entire test log, click the job in the list to the left. To download logs, see the `failure-logs` [artifact above](#artifacts).'
 ) >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+truncate_summary

.github/scripts/gen-test-results.sh

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 # questions.
 #
 
+# Import common utils
+. .github/scripts/report-utils.sh
+
 GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY="$1"
 
 test_suite_name=$(cat build/run-test-prebuilt/test-support/test-last-ids.txt)
@@ -75,18 +78,6 @@ for test in $failures $errors; do
 
 done >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
 
-# With many failures, the summary can easily exceed 1024 kB, the limit set by Github
-# Trim it down if so.
-summary_size=$(wc -c < $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY)
-if [[ $summary_size -gt 1000000 ]]; then
-  # Trim to below 1024 kB, and cut off after the last detail group
-  head -c 1000000 $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY | tac | sed -n -e '/<\/details>/,$ p' | tac > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY.tmp
-  mv $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY.tmp $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-  (
-    echo ''
-    echo ':x: **WARNING: Summary is too large and has been truncated.**'
-    echo ''
-  )  >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-fi
-
 echo ':arrow_right: To see the entire test log, click the job in the list to the left.'  >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+truncate_summary

.github/scripts/report-utils.sh

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2017, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
-# published by the Free Software Foundation.
+# published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 #
 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
@@ -20,4 +23,19 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-exclusiveAccess.dirs=.
+
+function truncate_summary() {
+  # With large hs_errs, the summary can easily exceed 1024 kB, the limit set by Github
+  # Trim it down if so.
+  summary_size=$(wc -c < $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY)
+  if [[ $summary_size -gt 1000000 ]]; then
+    # Trim to below 1024 kB, and cut off after the last detail group
+    head -c 1000000 $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY | tac | sed -n -e '/<\/details>/,$ p' | tac > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY.tmp
+    mv $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY.tmp $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+    (
+      echo ''
+      echo ':x: **WARNING: Summary is too large and has been truncated.**'
+      echo ''
+    )  >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+  fi
+}

.github/workflows/build-cross-compile.yml

@@ -59,23 +59,23 @@ jobs:
             gnu-arch: aarch64
             debian-arch: arm64
             debian-repository: https://httpredir.debian.org/debian/
-            debian-version: bullseye
+            debian-version: bookworm
           - target-cpu: arm
             gnu-arch: arm
             debian-arch: armhf
             debian-repository: https://httpredir.debian.org/debian/
-            debian-version: bullseye
+            debian-version: bookworm
             gnu-abi: eabihf
           - target-cpu: s390x
             gnu-arch: s390x
             debian-arch: s390x
             debian-repository: https://httpredir.debian.org/debian/
-            debian-version: bullseye
+            debian-version: bookworm
           - target-cpu: ppc64le
             gnu-arch: powerpc64le
             debian-arch: ppc64el
             debian-repository: https://httpredir.debian.org/debian/
-            debian-version: bullseye
+            debian-version: bookworm
 
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout the JDK source'

.github/workflows/build-macos.yml

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build-macos:
     name: build
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ jobs:
           --with-jtreg=${{ steps.jtreg.outputs.path }}
           --enable-jtreg-failure-handler
           --with-zlib=system
+          --disable-warnings-as-errors
           ${{ inputs.extra-conf-options }} ${{ inputs.configure-arguments }} || (
           echo "Dumping config.log:" &&
           cat config.log &&

.github/workflows/build-windows.yml

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ env:
 jobs:
   build-windows:
     name: build
-    runs-on: windows-2019
+    runs-on: windows-2025
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
         id: toolchain-check
         run: |
           set +e
-          '/c/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/vc/auxiliary/build/vcvars64.bat' -vcvars_ver=${{ inputs.msvc-toolset-version }}
+          '/c/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Enterprise/vc/auxiliary/build/vcvars64.bat' -vcvars_ver=${{ inputs.msvc-toolset-version }}
           if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
             echo "Toolchain is already installed"
             echo "toolchain-installed=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # Run Visual Studio Installer
           '/c/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/Installer/vs_installer.exe' \
-            modify --quiet --installPath 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise' \
+            modify --quiet --installPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' \
             --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.${{ inputs.msvc-toolset-version }}.${{ inputs.msvc-toolset-architecture }}
         if: steps.toolchain-check.outputs.toolchain-installed != 'true'
 

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
     with:
       platform: macos-x64
-      xcode-toolset-version: '13.4.1'
+      xcode-toolset-version: '14.3.1'
       configure-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.configure-arguments }}
       make-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.make-arguments }}
     if: needs.select.outputs.macos-x64 == 'true'
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
     with:
       platform: macos-aarch64
-      xcode-toolset-version: '13.4.1'
+      xcode-toolset-version: '14.3.1'
       extra-conf-options: '--openjdk-target=aarch64-apple-darwin'
       configure-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.configure-arguments }}
       make-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.make-arguments }}
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-windows.yml
     with:
       platform: windows-x64
-      msvc-toolset-version: '14.29'
+      msvc-toolset-version: '14.44'
       msvc-toolset-architecture: 'x86.x64'
       configure-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.configure-arguments }}
       make-arguments: ${{ github.event.inputs.make-arguments }}
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-windows.yml
     with:
       platform: windows-aarch64
-      msvc-toolset-version: '14.29'
+      msvc-toolset-version: '14.44'
       msvc-toolset-architecture: 'arm64'
       make-target: 'hotspot'
       extra-conf-options: '--openjdk-target=aarch64-unknown-cygwin'
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ jobs:
     with:
       platform: macos-x64
       bootjdk-platform: macos-x64
-      runs-on: macos-12
+      runs-on: macos-13
 
   test-windows-x64:
     name: windows-x64
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ jobs:
     with:
       platform: windows-x64
       bootjdk-platform: windows-x64
-      runs-on: windows-2019
+      runs-on: windows-2025
 
   # Remove bundles so they are not misconstrued as binary distributions from the JDK project
   remove-bundles:

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # On macOS we need to install some dependencies for testing
           brew install make
-          sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_13.4.1.app/Contents/Developer
+          sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_14.3.1.app/Contents/Developer
           # This will make GNU make available as 'make' and not only as 'gmake'
           echo '/usr/local/opt/make/libexec/gnubin' >> $GITHUB_PATH
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
@@ -143,6 +143,16 @@ jobs:
             echo "value=$PATH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           fi
 
+      - name: 'Set JTReg Options'
+        id: jtreg-options
+        run: |
+          if [[ '${{ runner.os }}' == 'Windows' ]]; then
+            # JTReg option for 'ProgramFiles(x86)' environment variable
+            echo 'value=-e:ProgramFiles\(x86\)=C:\\Program\ Files\ \(x86\)' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo 'value=' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
       - name: 'Run tests'
         id: run-tests
         run: >
@@ -153,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
           JDK_IMAGE_DIR=${{ steps.bundles.outputs.jdk-path }}
           SYMBOLS_IMAGE_DIR=${{ steps.bundles.outputs.symbols-path }}
           TEST_IMAGE_DIR=${{ steps.bundles.outputs.tests-path }}
-          JTREG='JAVA_OPTIONS=-XX:-CreateCoredumpOnCrash;VERBOSE=fail,error,time;KEYWORDS=!headful'
+          JTREG='OPTIONS=${{ steps.jtreg-options.outputs.value }};JAVA_OPTIONS=-XX:-CreateCoredumpOnCrash;VERBOSE=fail,error,time;KEYWORDS=!headful'
           && bash ./.github/scripts/gen-test-summary.sh "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY" "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         env:
           PATH: ${{ steps.path.outputs.value }}

.jcheck/conf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [general]
 project=jdk-updates
 jbs=JDK
-version=11.0.26
+version=11.0.29
 
 [checks]
 error=author,committer,reviewers,merge,issues,executable,symlink,message,hg-tag,whitespace,problemlists

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Welcome to the JDK!
+# Welcome to OpenJDK 11 Updates!
+
+The JDK 11 Updates project uses two GitHub repositories.
+Updates are continuously developed in the repository [jdk11u-dev](https://github.com/openjdk/jdk11u-dev). This is the repository usually targeted by contributors.
+The [jdk11u](https://github.com/openjdk/jdk11u) repository is used for rampdown of the update releases of jdk11u and only accepts critical changes that must make the next release during rampdown. (You probably do not want to target jdk11u).
+
+For more OpenJDK 11 updates specific information such as timelines and contribution guidelines see the [project wiki page](https://wiki.openjdk.org/display/JDKUpdates/JDK11u).
+
 
 For build instructions please see the
 [online documentation](https://openjdk.java.net/groups/build/doc/building.html),

doc/building.html

@@ -175,26 +175,26 @@
 <table>
 <thead>
 <tr class="header">
-<th style="text-align: left;">Operating system</th>
-<th style="text-align: left;">Vendor/version used</th>
+<th>Operating system</th>
+<th>Vendor/version used</th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">Linux</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4 / 7.1 (using kernel 3.8.13)</td>
+<td>Linux</td>
+<td>Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4 / 7.1 (using kernel 3.8.13)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">Solaris</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">Solaris 11.1 SRU 21.4.1 / 11.2 SRU 5.5</td>
+<td>Solaris</td>
+<td>Solaris 11.1 SRU 21.4.1 / 11.2 SRU 5.5</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">macOS</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) / 10.10 (Yosemite)</td>
+<td>macOS</td>
+<td>Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) / 10.10 (Yosemite)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">Windows</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">Windows Server 2012 R2</td>
+<td>Windows</td>
+<td>Windows Server 2012 R2</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
@@ -296,7 +296,6 @@
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
-<p>All compilers are expected to be able to compile to the C99 language standard, as some C99 features are used in the source code. Microsoft Visual Studio doesn't fully support C99 so in practice shared code is limited to using C99 features that it does support.</p>
 <h3 id="gcc">gcc</h3>
 <p>The minimum accepted version of gcc is 4.8. Older versions will generate a warning by <code>configure</code> and are unlikely to work.</p>
 <p>The JDK is currently known to be able to compile with at least version 7.4 of gcc.</p>
@@ -320,50 +319,50 @@
 <table>
 <thead>
 <tr class="header">
-<th style="text-align: left;">Package</th>
-<th style="text-align: left;">Version</th>
+<th>Package</th>
+<th>Version</th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/backend</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.6.0</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/backend</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.6.0</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/c++</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.10.0</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/c++</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.10.0</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/cc</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.4.0</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/cc</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.4.0</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/library/c++-libs</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.10.0</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/library/c++-libs</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.10.0</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/library/math-libs</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/library/math-libs</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/library/studio-gccrt</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/library/studio-gccrt</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-common</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-common</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-ja</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-ja</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-legal</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-legal</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-zhCN</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
+<td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-zhCN</td>
+<td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
@@ -747,103 +746,103 @@ ls build/linux-aarch64-normal-server-release/</code></pre></li>
 <table>
 <thead>
 <tr class="header">
-<th style="text-align: left;">Target</th>
-<th style="text-align: left;">Debian tree</th>
-<th style="text-align: left;">Debian arch</th>
-<th style="text-align: left;"><code>--openjdk-target=...</code></th>
+<th>Target</th>
+<th>Debian tree</th>
+<th>Debian arch</th>
+<th><code>--openjdk-target=...</code></th>
 <th><code>--with-jvm-variants=...</code></th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">x86</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">i386</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">i386-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>x86</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>i386</td>
+<td>i386-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>(all)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">arm</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">armhf</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">arm-linux-gnueabihf</td>
+<td>arm</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>armhf</td>
+<td>arm-linux-gnueabihf</td>
 <td>(all)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">aarch64</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">arm64</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">aarch64-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>aarch64</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>arm64</td>
+<td>aarch64-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>(all)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">ppc64le</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">ppc64el</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">powerpc64le-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>ppc64le</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>ppc64el</td>
+<td>powerpc64le-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>(all)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">s390x</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">s390x</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">s390x-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>s390x</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>s390x</td>
+<td>s390x-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>(all)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">mipsle</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">mipsel</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">mipsel-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>mipsle</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>mipsel</td>
+<td>mipsel-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">mips64le</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">mips64el</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">mips64el-linux-gnueabi64</td>
+<td>mips64le</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>mips64el</td>
+<td>mips64el-linux-gnueabi64</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">armel</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">buster</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">arm</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">arm-linux-gnueabi</td>
+<td>armel</td>
+<td>buster</td>
+<td>arm</td>
+<td>arm-linux-gnueabi</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">ppc</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sid</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">powerpc</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">powerpc-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>ppc</td>
+<td>sid</td>
+<td>powerpc</td>
+<td>powerpc-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">ppc64be</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sid</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">ppc64</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">powerpc64-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>ppc64be</td>
+<td>sid</td>
+<td>ppc64</td>
+<td>powerpc64-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>(all)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">m68k</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sid</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">m68k</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">m68k-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>m68k</td>
+<td>sid</td>
+<td>m68k</td>
+<td>m68k-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="even">
-<td style="text-align: left;">alpha</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sid</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">alpha</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">alpha-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>alpha</td>
+<td>sid</td>
+<td>alpha</td>
+<td>alpha-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="odd">
-<td style="text-align: left;">sh4</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sid</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sh4</td>
-<td style="text-align: left;">sh4-linux-gnu</td>
+<td>sh4</td>
+<td>sid</td>
+<td>sh4</td>
+<td>sh4-linux-gnu</td>
 <td>zero</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>

doc/building.md

@@ -151,12 +151,12 @@ This table lists the OS versions used by Oracle when building the JDK. Such
 information is always subject to change, but this table is up to date at the
 time of writing.
 
- Operating system   Vendor/version used
- -----------------  -------------------------------------------------------
- Linux              Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4 / 7.1 (using kernel 3.8.13)
- Solaris            Solaris 11.1 SRU 21.4.1 / 11.2 SRU 5.5
- macOS              Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) / 10.10 (Yosemite)
- Windows            Windows Server 2012 R2
+| Operating system  | Vendor/version used                                     |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Linux             | Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4 / 7.1 (using kernel 3.8.13) |
+| Solaris           | Solaris 11.1 SRU 21.4.1 / 11.2 SRU 5.5                  |
+| macOS             | Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) / 10.10 (Yosemite)            |
+| Windows           | Windows Server 2012 R2                                  |
 
 The double version numbers for Linux, Solaris and macOS is due to the hybrid
 model used at Oracle, where header files and external libraries from an older
@@ -363,18 +363,18 @@ configure.
 
 The Solaris Studio installation should contain at least these packages:
 
- Package                                            Version
- -------------------------------------------------- -------------
- developer/solarisstudio-124/backend                12.4-1.0.6.0
- developer/solarisstudio-124/c++                    12.4-1.0.10.0
- developer/solarisstudio-124/cc                     12.4-1.0.4.0
- developer/solarisstudio-124/library/c++-libs       12.4-1.0.10.0
- developer/solarisstudio-124/library/math-libs      12.4-1.0.0.1
- developer/solarisstudio-124/library/studio-gccrt   12.4-1.0.0.1
- developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-common          12.4-1.0.0.1
- developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-ja              12.4-1.0.0.1
- developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-legal           12.4-1.0.0.1
- developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-zhCN            12.4-1.0.0.1
+| Package                                            | Version       |
+| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------- |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/backend                | 12.4-1.0.6.0  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/c++                    | 12.4-1.0.10.0 |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/cc                     | 12.4-1.0.4.0  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/library/c++-libs       | 12.4-1.0.10.0 |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/library/math-libs      | 12.4-1.0.0.1  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/library/studio-gccrt   | 12.4-1.0.0.1  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-common          | 12.4-1.0.0.1  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-ja              | 12.4-1.0.0.1  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-legal           | 12.4-1.0.0.1  |
+| developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-zhCN            | 12.4-1.0.0.1  |
 
 Compiling with Solaris Studio can sometimes be finicky. This is the exact
 version used by Oracle, which worked correctly at the time of writing:
@@ -965,14 +965,14 @@ https://sourceware.org/autobook/autobook/autobook_17.html). If no
 targets are given, a native toolchain for the current platform will be
 created. Currently, at least the following targets are known to work:
 
- Supported devkit targets
- ------------------------
- x86_64-linux-gnu
- aarch64-linux-gnu
- arm-linux-gnueabihf
- ppc64-linux-gnu
- ppc64le-linux-gnu
- s390x-linux-gnu
+| Supported devkit targets |
+| ------------------------ |
+| x86_64-linux-gnu         |
+| aarch64-linux-gnu        |
+| arm-linux-gnueabihf      |
+| ppc64-linux-gnu          |
+| ppc64le-linux-gnu        |
+| s390x-linux-gnu          |
 
 `BASE_OS` must be one of "OEL6" for Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 or
 "Fedora" (if not specified "OEL6" will be the default). If the base OS
@@ -1199,21 +1199,21 @@ it might require a little nudge with:
 
 Architectures that are known to successfully cross-compile like this are:
 
-  Target        Debian tree  Debian arch   `--openjdk-target=...`   `--with-jvm-variants=...`
-  ------------  ------------ ------------- ------------------------ --------------
-  x86           buster       i386          i386-linux-gnu           (all)
-  arm           buster       armhf         arm-linux-gnueabihf      (all)
-  aarch64       buster       arm64         aarch64-linux-gnu        (all)
-  ppc64le       buster       ppc64el       powerpc64le-linux-gnu    (all)
-  s390x         buster       s390x         s390x-linux-gnu          (all)
-  mipsle        buster       mipsel        mipsel-linux-gnu         zero
-  mips64le      buster       mips64el      mips64el-linux-gnueabi64 zero
-  armel         buster       arm           arm-linux-gnueabi        zero
-  ppc           sid          powerpc       powerpc-linux-gnu        zero
-  ppc64be       sid          ppc64         powerpc64-linux-gnu      (all)
-  m68k          sid          m68k          m68k-linux-gnu           zero
-  alpha         sid          alpha         alpha-linux-gnu          zero
-  sh4           sid          sh4           sh4-linux-gnu            zero
+| Target       | Debian tree  | Debian arch   | `--openjdk-target=...`   | `--with-jvm-variants=...` |
+| ------------ | ------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------- |
+| x86          | buster       | i386          | i386-linux-gnu           | (all)                     |
+| arm          | buster       | armhf         | arm-linux-gnueabihf      | (all)                     |
+| aarch64      | buster       | arm64         | aarch64-linux-gnu        | (all)                     |
+| ppc64le      | buster       | ppc64el       | powerpc64le-linux-gnu    | (all)                     |
+| s390x        | buster       | s390x         | s390x-linux-gnu          | (all)                     |
+| mipsle       | buster       | mipsel        | mipsel-linux-gnu         | zero                      |
+| mips64le     | buster       | mips64el      | mips64el-linux-gnueabi64 | zero                      |
+| armel        | buster       | arm           | arm-linux-gnueabi        | zero                      |
+| ppc          | sid          | powerpc       | powerpc-linux-gnu        | zero                      |
+| ppc64be      | sid          | ppc64         | powerpc64-linux-gnu      | (all)                     |
+| m68k         | sid          | m68k          | m68k-linux-gnu           | zero                      |
+| alpha        | sid          | alpha         | alpha-linux-gnu          | zero                      |
+| sh4          | sid          | sh4           | sh4-linux-gnu            | zero                      |
 
 ### Building for ARM/aarch64
 

make/RunTestsPrebuilt.gmk

@@ -239,9 +239,9 @@ else ifeq ($(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS), solaris)
 else ifeq ($(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS), windows)
   NUM_CORES := $(NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
   MEMORY_SIZE := $(shell \
-      $(EXPR) `wmic computersystem get totalphysicalmemory -value \
-          | $(GREP) = | $(SED) 's/\\r//g' \
-          | $(CUT) -d "=" -f 2-` / 1024 / 1024 \
+      $(EXPR) `powershell -Command \
+          "(Get-CimInstance Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory" \
+          | $(SED) 's/\\r//g' ` / 1024 / 1024 \
   )
 endif
 ifeq ($(NUM_CORES), )

make/autoconf/build-performance.m4

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2011, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2011, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ AC_DEFUN([BPERF_CHECK_MEMORY_SIZE],
     FOUND_MEM=yes
   elif test "x$OPENJDK_BUILD_OS" = xwindows; then
     # Windows, but without cygwin
-    MEMORY_SIZE=`wmic computersystem get totalphysicalmemory -value | grep = | cut -d "=" -f 2-`
+    MEMORY_SIZE=`powershell -Command \
+        "(Get-CimInstance Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory" | $SED 's/\\r//g' `
     MEMORY_SIZE=`expr $MEMORY_SIZE / 1024 / 1024`
     FOUND_MEM=yes
   fi

make/autoconf/flags-cflags.m4

@@ -192,6 +192,12 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_WARNINGS],
       DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-Wno-"
       BUILD_CC_DISABLE_WARNING_PREFIX="-Wno-"
       CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-Werror"
+
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL="-Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2"
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM="-Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare -Wunused-function -Wundef -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual -Wreturn-type"
+
+      DISABLED_WARNINGS="unused-parameter unused"
+
       ;;
 
     clang)
@@ -200,7 +206,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([FLAGS_SETUP_WARNINGS],
       CFLAGS_WARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS="-Werror"
 
       WARNINGS_ENABLE_ALL="-Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2"
-      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM="-Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare -Wunused-function -Wundef -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual -Wreorder"
+      WARNINGS_ENABLE_ADDITIONAL_JVM="-Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare -Wunused-function -Wundef -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual"
 
       DISABLED_WARNINGS="unused-parameter unused"
       ;;

make/autoconf/hotspot.m4

@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([HOTSPOT_SETUP_JVM_FEATURES],
     fi
   else
       DISABLED_JVM_FEATURES="$DISABLED_JVM_FEATURES shenandoahgc"
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([no, must be manually enabled --with-jvm-features=shenandoahgc])
   fi
 
   # Only enable ZGC on supported platforms

make/autoconf/version-numbers

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2011, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2011, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@
 
 DEFAULT_VERSION_FEATURE=11
 DEFAULT_VERSION_INTERIM=0
-DEFAULT_VERSION_UPDATE=26
+DEFAULT_VERSION_UPDATE=29
 DEFAULT_VERSION_PATCH=0
 DEFAULT_VERSION_EXTRA1=0
 DEFAULT_VERSION_EXTRA2=0
 DEFAULT_VERSION_EXTRA3=0
-DEFAULT_VERSION_DATE=2025-01-21
+DEFAULT_VERSION_DATE=2025-10-21
 DEFAULT_VERSION_CLASSFILE_MAJOR=55  # "`$EXPR $DEFAULT_VERSION_FEATURE + 44`"
 DEFAULT_VERSION_CLASSFILE_MINOR=0
 DEFAULT_ACCEPTABLE_BOOT_VERSIONS="10 11"
-DEFAULT_PROMOTED_VERSION_PRE=ea
+DEFAULT_PROMOTED_VERSION_PRE=
 
 LAUNCHER_NAME=openjdk
 PRODUCT_NAME=OpenJDK

make/common/MakeIO.gmk

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ ifeq ($(HAS_FILE_FUNCTION), true)
 else
   # Use printf to get consistent behavior on all platforms.
   WriteFile = \
-      $(shell $(PRINTF) "%s" $(call ShellQuote, $1) > $2)
+      $(shell $(PRINTF) "%s\n" $(strip $(call ShellQuote, $1)) > $2)
 endif
 
 # Param 1 - Text to write
@@ -268,5 +268,5 @@ ifeq ($(HAS_FILE_FUNCTION), true)
 else
   # Use printf to get consistent behavior on all platforms.
   AppendFile = \
-      $(shell $(PRINTF) "%s" $(call ShellQuote, $1) >> $2)
+      $(shell $(PRINTF) "%s\n" $(strip $(call ShellQuote, $1)) >> $2)
 endif

make/conf/github-actions.conf

@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ GTEST_VERSION=1.8.1
 JTREG_VERSION=7.3.1+1
 
 LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=tar.gz
-LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.23%2B9/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.23_9.tar.gz
-LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=23e47ea7a3015be3240f21185fd902adebdcf76530757c9b482c7eb5bd3417c2
-
-WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=zip
-WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.23%2B9/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_windows_hotspot_11.0.23_9.zip
-WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=d7a9f8ceee9a5785dcbbcbec20a07b1366efec59ba652ef7e03f6f7d10f52b85
+LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.26%2B4/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.26_4.tar.gz
+LINUX_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=7def4c5807b38ef1a7bb30a86572a795ca604127cc8d1f5b370abf23618104e6
 
 MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=tar.gz
-MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.23%2B9/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_mac_hotspot_11.0.23_9.tar.gz
-MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=4dbd21d9a0311d321f5886eda50c3086026ed61d02e1a85f7b8c2e9ad557bf03
+MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.26%2B4/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_mac_hotspot_11.0.26_4.tar.gz
+MACOS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=b0142c2c85da43bb3565321164e8129b1166de5d6a43c88e567a92c39128c003
+
+WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_EXT=zip
+WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_URL=https://github.com/adoptium/temurin11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.26%2B4/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_windows_hotspot_11.0.26_4.zip
+WINDOWS_X64_BOOT_JDK_SHA256=a221ae370f609f00e5869c385f4853fecb622a99f8637b95c22ec66c04e15051

make/data/cacerts/affirmtrustcommercialca

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-Owner: CN=AffirmTrust Commercial, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Commercial, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Serial number: 7777062726a9b17c
-Valid from: Fri Jan 29 14:06:06 GMT 2010 until: Tue Dec 31 14:06:06 GMT 2030
-Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 2048-bit RSA key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDTDCCAjSgAwIBAgIId3cGJyapsXwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRDELMAkGA1UE
-BhMCVVMxFDASBgNVBAoMC0FmZmlybVRydXN0MR8wHQYDVQQDDBZBZmZpcm1UcnVz
-dCBDb21tZXJjaWFsMB4XDTEwMDEyOTE0MDYwNloXDTMwMTIzMTE0MDYwNlowRDEL
-MAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFDASBgNVBAoMC0FmZmlybVRydXN0MR8wHQYDVQQDDBZBZmZp
-cm1UcnVzdCBDb21tZXJjaWFsMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKC
-AQEA9htPZwcroRX1BiLLHwGy43NFBkRJLLtJJRTWzsO3qyxPxkEylFf6EqdbDuKP
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-nlpOZbWUrhvfKbAW8b8Angc6F2S1BLUjIZkKlTuXfO8=
------END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/affirmtrustnetworkingca

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-Owner: CN=AffirmTrust Networking, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Networking, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Serial number: 7c4f04391cd4992d
-Valid from: Fri Jan 29 14:08:24 GMT 2010 until: Tue Dec 31 14:08:24 GMT 2030
-Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 2048-bit RSA key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDTDCCAjSgAwIBAgIIfE8EORzUmS0wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwRDELMAkGA1UE
-BhMCVVMxFDASBgNVBAoMC0FmZmlybVRydXN0MR8wHQYDVQQDDBZBZmZpcm1UcnVz
-dCBOZXR3b3JraW5nMB4XDTEwMDEyOTE0MDgyNFoXDTMwMTIzMTE0MDgyNFowRDEL
-MAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFDASBgNVBAoMC0FmZmlybVRydXN0MR8wHQYDVQQDDBZBZmZp
-cm1UcnVzdCBOZXR3b3JraW5nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKC
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-QLSwelAQUHTEyL0wDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwDQYJ
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-tDIuUFUaNU52Q3Eg75N3ThVwLofDwR1t3Mu1J9QsVtFSUzpE0nPIxBsFZVpikpzu
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-Lgo/bNjR9eUJtGxUAArgFU2HdW23WJZa3W3SAKD0m0i+wzekujbgfIeFlxoVot4u
-olu9rxj5kFDNcFn4J2dHy8egBzp90SxdbBk6ZrV9/ZFvgrG+CJPbFEfxojfHRZ48
-x3evZKiT3/Zpg4Jg8klCNO1aAFSFHBY2kgxc+qatv9s=
------END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/affirmtrustpremiumca

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-Owner: CN=AffirmTrust Premium, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Premium, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Serial number: 6d8c1446b1a60aee
-Valid from: Fri Jan 29 14:10:36 GMT 2010 until: Mon Dec 31 14:10:36 GMT 2040
-Signature algorithm name: SHA384withRSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIFRjCCAy6gAwIBAgIIbYwURrGmCu4wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQAwQTELMAkGA1UE
-BhMCVVMxFDASBgNVBAoMC0FmZmlybVRydXN0MRwwGgYDVQQDDBNBZmZpcm1UcnVz
-dCBQcmVtaXVtMB4XDTEwMDEyOTE0MTAzNloXDTQwMTIzMTE0MTAzNlowQTELMAkG
-A1UEBhMCVVMxFDASBgNVBAoMC0FmZmlybVRydXN0MRwwGgYDVQQDDBNBZmZpcm1U
-cnVzdCBQcmVtaXVtMIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAxBLf
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------END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/affirmtrustpremiumeccca

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-Owner: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-Serial number: 7497258ac73f7a54
-Valid from: Fri Jan 29 14:20:24 GMT 2010 until: Mon Dec 31 14:20:24 GMT 2040
-Signature algorithm name: SHA384withECDSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 384-bit EC (secp384r1) key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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------END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/baltimorecybertrustca

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-Owner: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root, OU=CyberTrust, O=Baltimore, C=IE
-Issuer: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root, OU=CyberTrust, O=Baltimore, C=IE
-Serial number: 20000b9
-Valid from: Fri May 12 18:46:00 GMT 2000 until: Mon May 12 23:59:00 GMT 2025
-Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 2048-bit RSA key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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------END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/camerfirmachamberscommerceca

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-Owner: CN=Chambers of Commerce Root, OU=http://www.chambersign.org, O=AC Camerfirma SA CIF A82743287, C=EU
-Issuer: CN=Chambers of Commerce Root, OU=http://www.chambersign.org, O=AC Camerfirma SA CIF A82743287, C=EU
-Serial number: 0
-Valid from: Tue Sep 30 16:13:43 GMT 2003 until: Wed Sep 30 16:13:44 GMT 2037
-Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 2048-bit RSA key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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------END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/camerfirmachambersignca

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-Owner: CN=Global Chambersign Root - 2008, O=AC Camerfirma S.A., SERIALNUMBER=A82743287, L=Madrid (see current address at www.camerfirma.com/address), C=EU
-Issuer: CN=Global Chambersign Root - 2008, O=AC Camerfirma S.A., SERIALNUMBER=A82743287, L=Madrid (see current address at www.camerfirma.com/address), C=EU
-Serial number: c9cdd3e9d57d23ce
-Valid from: Fri Aug 01 12:31:40 GMT 2008 until: Sat Jul 31 12:31:40 GMT 2038
-Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
-Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
-Version: 3
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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make/data/cacerts/sectigocodesignroote46

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+Owner: CN=Sectigo Public Code Signing Root E46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Code Signing Root E46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Serial number: 50249ba2ef8ea6bf6c2c1f1a6385d4c3
+Valid from: Mon Mar 22 00:00:00 GMT 2021 until: Wed Mar 21 23:59:59 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withECDSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 384-bit EC (secp384r1) key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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make/data/cacerts/sectigocodesignrootr46

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+Owner: CN=Sectigo Public Code Signing Root R46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Code Signing Root R46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Serial number: 4b2c3b01018bad2abc8c7b5b3eed9057
+Valid from: Mon Mar 22 00:00:00 GMT 2021 until: Wed Mar 21 23:59:59 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withRSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+rKnkB/ihiMQTWlBHVEKm7dBBNCyYsT6iNKEMXb2s9395p79tDFYyhRtLl7jhrOSk
+PHHxo+FOY9b0Rrr1CwjhYzztolkvCtQsayOinqFN7tESzRgzUO1Bbst/PUFgC2ML
+ePV170MVtzYLEK/cXBipmNk22R3YhLMGioLjexskp0LO7g8+VlwyfexL3lYrOzu6
++XpY0FG2bNb2WKJSJHpEhqEcYD9J0/z6+YQcBcI0v+Lm8RkqmS9WVzWctfUHw0Yv
+3jg9GQ37o/HfE57nqXJYMa+96trX1m13MzOO9Kz9wb9Jh9JwBWd0Bqb2eEAtFgSR
+Dx/TFsS4ehcNJMmy
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/sectigotlsroote46

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Owner: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Serial number: 42f2ccda1b6937445f15fe752810b8f4
+Valid from: Mon Mar 22 00:00:00 GMT 2021 until: Wed Mar 21 23:59:59 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withECDSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 384-bit EC (secp384r1) key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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==
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/cacerts/sectigotlsrootr46

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Owner: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46, O=Sectigo Limited, C=GB
+Serial number: 758dfd8bae7c0700faa925a7e1c7ad14
+Valid from: Mon Mar 22 00:00:00 GMT 2021 until: Wed Mar 21 23:59:59 GMT 2046
+Signature algorithm name: SHA384withRSA
+Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
+Version: 3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

make/data/currency/CurrencyData.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ formatVersion=3
 # Version of the currency code information in this class.
 # It is a serial number that accompanies with each amendment.
 
-dataVersion=177
+dataVersion=179
 
 # List of all valid ISO 4217 currency codes.
 # To ensure compatibility, do not remove codes.
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ all=ADP020-AED784-AFA004-AFN971-ALL008-AMD051-ANG532-AOA973-ARS032-ATS040-AUD036
     SBD090-SCR690-SDD736-SDG938-SEK752-SGD702-SHP654-SIT705-SKK703-SLE925-SLL694-SOS706-\
     SRD968-SRG740-SSP728-STD678-STN930-SVC222-SYP760-SZL748-THB764-TJS972-TMM795-TMT934-TND788-TOP776-\
     TPE626-TRL792-TRY949-TTD780-TWD901-TZS834-UAH980-UGX800-USD840-USN997-USS998-UYI940-\
-    UYU858-UZS860-VEB862-VED926-VEF937-VES928-VND704-VUV548-WST882-XAF950-XAG961-XAU959-XBA955-\
+    UYU858-UZS860-VEB862-VED926-VEF937-VES928-VND704-VUV548-WST882-XAD396-XAF950-XAG961-XAU959-XBA955-\
     XBB956-XBC957-XBD958-XCD951-XCG532-XDR960-XFO000-XFU000-XOF952-XPD964-XPF953-\
     XPT962-XSU994-XTS963-XUA965-XXX999-YER886-YUM891-ZAR710-ZMK894-ZMW967-ZWD716-ZWG924-\
     ZWL932-ZWN942-ZWR935

make/data/lsrdata/language-subtag-registry.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-File-Date: 2024-06-14
+File-Date: 2025-05-15
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: aa
@@ -5950,6 +5950,7 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: bql
+Description: Karian
 Description: Bilakura
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
@@ -9083,6 +9084,7 @@ Scope: collection
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: daz
+Description: Moi-Wadea
 Description: Dao
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
@@ -9290,6 +9292,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: dek
 Description: Dek
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2024-12-12
+Preferred-Value: sqm
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: del
@@ -14082,6 +14086,12 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 Macrolanguage: hmn
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: hnm
+Description: Hainanese
+Added: 2024-12-12
+Macrolanguage: zh
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: hnn
 Description: Hanunoo
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -16421,6 +16431,7 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: kci
+Description: Ngyian
 Description: Kamantan
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
@@ -21081,6 +21092,12 @@ Description: Laua
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: luh
+Description: Leizhou Chinese
+Added: 2024-12-12
+Macrolanguage: zh
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: lui
 Description: Luiseno
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -22850,6 +22867,8 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: mmi
+Description: Hember Avu
+Description: Amben
 Description: Musar
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
@@ -25197,8 +25216,9 @@ Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: new
-Description: Newari
 Description: Nepal Bhasa
+Description: Newar
+Description: Newari
 Added: 2005-10-16
 %%
 Type: language
@@ -26641,6 +26661,8 @@ Type: language
 Subtag: nte
 Description: Nathembo
 Added: 2009-07-29
+Deprecated: 2024-12-12
+Preferred-Value: eko
 %%
 Type: language
 Subtag: ntg
@@ -27185,6 +27207,12 @@ Description: Oroch
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: oak
+Description: Noakhali
+Description: Noakhailla
+Added: 2025-05-14
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: oar
 Description: Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)
 Description: Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)
@@ -32147,6 +32175,12 @@ Description: Sajau Basap
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: sjc
+Description: Shaojiang Chinese
+Added: 2024-12-12
+Macrolanguage: zh
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: sjd
 Description: Kildin Sami
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -41302,6 +41336,11 @@ Description: Aluo
 Added: 2009-07-29
 %%
 Type: language
+Subtag: ynb
+Description: Yamben
+Added: 2025-02-06
+%%
+Type: language
 Subtag: ynd
 Description: Yandruwandha
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -43616,6 +43655,14 @@ Preferred-Value: hks
 Prefix: sgn
 %%
 Type: extlang
+Subtag: hnm
+Description: Hainanese
+Added: 2024-12-12
+Preferred-Value: hnm
+Prefix: zh
+Macrolanguage: zh
+%%
+Type: extlang
 Subtag: hos
 Description: Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -43958,6 +44005,14 @@ Prefix: lv
 Macrolanguage: lv
 %%
 Type: extlang
+Subtag: luh
+Description: Leizhou Chinese
+Added: 2024-12-12
+Preferred-Value: luh
+Prefix: zh
+Macrolanguage: zh
+%%
+Type: extlang
 Subtag: lvs
 Description: Standard Latvian
 Added: 2010-03-11
@@ -44393,6 +44448,14 @@ Prefix: ar
 Macrolanguage: ar
 %%
 Type: extlang
+Subtag: sjc
+Description: Shaojiang Chinese
+Added: 2024-12-12
+Preferred-Value: sjc
+Prefix: zh
+Macrolanguage: zh
+%%
+Type: extlang
 Subtag: slf
 Description: Swiss-Italian Sign Language
 Added: 2009-07-29
@@ -44844,6 +44907,11 @@ Description: Bangla
 Added: 2005-10-16
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Berf
+Description: Beria Erfe
+Added: 2025-02-06
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Bhks
 Description: Bhaiksuki
 Added: 2015-07-24
@@ -45132,6 +45200,12 @@ Description: Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong
 Added: 2017-08-13
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Hntl
+Description: Han (Traditional variant) with Latin (alias for Hant +
+  Latn)
+Added: 2025-05-14
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Hrkt
 Description: Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana)
 Added: 2005-10-16
@@ -45636,6 +45710,12 @@ Description: Saurashtra
 Added: 2006-07-21
 %%
 Type: script
+Subtag: Seal
+Description: Seal
+Description: Small Seal
+Added: 2025-05-14
+%%
+Type: script
 Subtag: Sgnw
 Description: SignWriting
 Added: 2006-10-17
@@ -47919,6 +47999,12 @@ Comments: Written standard developed by Romanilha in 1853 and used by
   dóu Po, Escolo Gaston Febus, and others
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: hanoi
+Description: The Hà Nội variant of Vietnamese
+Added: 2025-03-10
+Prefix: vi
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: hepburn
 Description: Hepburn romanization
 Added: 2009-10-01
@@ -47949,6 +48035,12 @@ Added: 2017-03-14
 Prefix: eo
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: huett
+Description: The Huế (province Thừa Thiên) variant of Vietnamese
+Added: 2025-03-10
+Prefix: vi
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: ijekavsk
 Description: Serbian with Ijekavian pronunciation
 Prefix: sr
@@ -47991,6 +48083,16 @@ Added: 2008-10-14
 Prefix: kw
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: kleinsch
+Description: Kleinschmidt orthography
+Description: Allattaasitaamut
+Added: 2024-07-20
+Prefix: kl
+Prefix: kl-tunumiit
+Comments: Orthography for Greenlandic designed by Samuel Kleinschmidt,
+  used from 1851 to 1973.
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: kociewie
 Description: The Kociewie dialect of Polish
 Added: 2014-11-27
@@ -48014,6 +48116,13 @@ Prefix: sa
 Comments: Preferred tag is cls
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: leidentr
+Description: Ancient Egyptian in Leiden Unified Transliteration
+Added: 2025-02-06
+Prefix: egy
+Comments: Recommended by the International Association of Egyptologists
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: lemosin
 Description: Limousin
 Added: 2018-04-22
@@ -48058,6 +48167,19 @@ Comments: Russian orthography as established by the 1917/1918
   orthographic reforms
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: mdcegyp
+Description: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs encoded in Manuel de Codage
+Added: 2025-02-06
+Prefix: egy
+%%
+Type: variant
+Subtag: mdctrans
+Description: Ancient Egyptian transliteration encoded in Manuel de
+  Codage
+Added: 2025-02-06
+Prefix: egy
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: metelko
 Description: Slovene in Metelko alphabet
 Added: 2012-06-27
@@ -48245,6 +48367,12 @@ Prefix: rm
 Comments: Supraregional Romansh written standard
 %%
 Type: variant
+Subtag: saigon
+Description: The Sài Gòn variant of Vietnamese
+Added: 2025-03-10
+Prefix: vi
+%%
+Type: variant
 Subtag: scotland
 Description: Scottish Standard English
 Added: 2007-08-31

make/data/tzdata/VERSION

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-tzdata2024a
+tzdata2025b

make/data/tzdata/africa

@@ -126,17 +126,16 @@ Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16
 
 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
-# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon).
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
+# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon.
+# Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
-			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
-			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
-			-1:00	-	-01
+			-2:00	-	%z	1942 Sep
+			-2:00	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	%z	1975 Nov 25  2:00
+			-1:00	-	%z
 
 # Chad
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -368,14 +367,12 @@ Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 
 # Guinea-Bissau
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
-# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
+# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
-			-1:00	-	-01	1975
+			-1:00	-	%z	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Comoros
@@ -440,10 +437,10 @@ Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1908 May
-			2:30	-	+0230	1928 Jun 30 24:00
+			2:30	-	%z	1928 Jun 30 24:00
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930 Jan  4 24:00
-			2:30	-	+0230	1936 Dec 31 24:00
-			2:45	-	+0245	1942 Jul 31 24:00
+			2:30	-	%z	1936 Dec 31 24:00
+			2:45	-	%z	1942 Jul 31 24:00
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Liberia
@@ -614,7 +611,7 @@ Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
-			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
+			4:00 Mauritius	%z
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
@@ -1094,10 +1091,10 @@ Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	May	11	 2:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
-			 1:00	-	+01	1986
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
+			 0:00	Morocco	%z	1984 Mar 16
+			 1:00	-	%z	1986
+			 0:00	Morocco	%z	2018 Oct 28  3:00
+			 1:00	Morocco	%z
 
 # Western Sahara
 #
@@ -1111,9 +1108,9 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
-			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
+			-1:00	-	%z	1976 Apr 14
+			 0:00	Morocco	%z	2018 Oct 28  3:00
+			 1:00	Morocco	%z
 
 # Botswana
 # Burundi
@@ -1124,13 +1121,27 @@ Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 # Zambia
 # Zimbabwe
 #
-# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
-# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# merely made it official?
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for
+# Europe/Lisbon.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24):
+# The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that
+# as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Lourenço Marques
+# (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT,
+# corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3.
+# Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321,
+# says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated
+# "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ...
+# exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich".
+# Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT,
+# evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before
+# the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary).
+# For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+		#STDOFF	2:10:18.3
+Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:18 -	LMT	1909
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Namibia
@@ -1195,7 +1206,7 @@ Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	-1:00	WAT
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
+			1:30	-	%z	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
@@ -1283,7 +1294,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:35 -	LMT	1905 Jul  1
 			0:00	-	GMT	1908 Jul  1
 			0:13:35	-	LMT	1914 Jan  1
-			0:30	-	+0030	1919 Sep  1
+			0:30	-	%z	1919 Sep  1
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # São Tomé and Príncipe

make/data/tzdata/antarctica

@@ -110,34 +110,34 @@
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	 0	-	-00	1969
-			 8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Oct 22
-			11:00	-	+11	2018 Mar 11  4:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2018 Oct  7  4:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2019 Mar 17  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2019 Oct  4  3:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2020 Mar  8  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2020 Oct  4  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11	2021 Mar 14  0:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2021 Oct  3  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11	2022 Mar 13  0:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2022 Oct  2  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11	2023 Mar  9  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08
+			 8:00	-	%z	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2010 Mar  5  2:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+			 8:00	-	%z	2016 Oct 22
+			11:00	-	%z	2018 Mar 11  4:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2018 Oct  7  4:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2019 Mar 17  3:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2019 Oct  4  3:00
+			11:00	-	%z	2020 Mar  8  3:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2020 Oct  4  0:01
+			11:00	-	%z	2021 Mar 14  0:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2021 Oct  3  0:01
+			11:00	-	%z	2022 Mar 13  0:00
+			 8:00	-	%z	2022 Oct  2  0:01
+			11:00	-	%z	2023 Mar  9  3:00
+			 8:00	-	%z
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
+			7:00	-	%z	1964 Nov
 			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
-			7:00	-	+07
+			7:00	-	%z	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	%z	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
+			7:00	-	%z
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			6:00	-	%z	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # References:
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
@@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
 
 # France & Italy - year-round base
 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
+# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_Station
+# Can use Asia/Singapore, which it has agreed with since inception.
 
 # Germany - year-round base
 # Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
@@ -313,10 +315,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
-			7:00	-	+07	1994 Feb
+			7:00	-	%z	1994 Feb
 			0	-	-00	1994 Nov
-			7:00	-	+07	2023 Dec 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			7:00	-	%z	2023 Dec 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107

make/data/tzdata/asia

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
-			4:00	-	+04	1945
-			4:30	-	+0430
+			4:00	-	%z	1945
+			4:30	-	%z
 
 # Armenia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
@@ -139,12 +139,12 @@ Rule Armenia	2011	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule Armenia	2011	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
-			4:00	-	+04	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2011
-			4:00	Armenia	+04/+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
+			4:00	-	%z	1997
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2011
+			4:00	Armenia	%z
 
 # Azerbaijan
 
@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
-			4:00	-	+04	1996
-			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
-			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
+			4:00	-	%z	1996
+			4:00	EUAsia	%z	1997
+			4:00	Azer	%z
 
 # Bangladesh
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
@@ -251,17 +251,17 @@ Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May 15
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
-			6:30	-	+0630	1951 Sep 30
-			6:00	-	+06	2009
-			6:00	Dhaka	+06/+07
+			6:30	-	%z	1942 May 15
+			5:30	-	%z	1942 Sep
+			6:30	-	%z	1951 Sep 30
+			6:00	-	%z	2009
+			6:00	Dhaka	%z
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
-			5:30	-	+0530	1987 Oct
-			6:00	-	+06
+			5:30	-	%z	1987 Oct
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
-			5:00	-	+05	1996
-			6:00	-	+06
+			5:00	-	%z	1996
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 # Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 # Myanmar (Burma)
@@ -288,9 +288,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:47 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:47	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon local time
-			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 May  3
-			6:30	-	+0630
+			6:30	-	%z	1942 May
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 May  3
+			6:30	-	%z
 
 # China
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
-			6:00	-	+06
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 # Hong Kong
 
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ Rule	Macau	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	03:30	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:10 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 			8:00	-	CST	1941 Dec 21 23:00
-			9:00	Macau	+09/+10	1945 Sep 30 24:00
+			9:00	Macau	%z	1945 Sep 30 24:00
 			8:00	Macau	C%sT
 
 
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT	2016 Sep  8
-			3:00	-	+03	2017 Oct 29 1:00u
+			3:00	-	%z	2017 Oct 29 1:00u
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
 
 # Georgia
@@ -1221,18 +1221,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
-			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
-			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
-			4:00	-	+04
+			3:00	-	%z	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia %z	1992
+			3:00 E-EurAsia	%z	1994 Sep lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	%z	1996 Oct lastSun
+			4:00	1:00	%z	1997 Mar lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	%z	2004 Jun 27
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
+			4:00	-	%z
 
 # East Timor
 
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# The 1912-01-01 transition occurred at 00:00 new time, per the 1911-05-24
+# Portuguese decree (see Europe/Lisbon).  A provision in article 5(c) of the
+# decree prescribed that Timor "will keep counting time in harmony with
+# neighboring foreign colonies, [for] as long as they do not adopt the time
+# that belongs to them in [the Washington Convention] system."
+
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
@@ -1256,11 +1263,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb 21 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	+08	2000 Sep 17  0:00
-			9:00	-	+09
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1911 Dec 31 16:00u
+			8:00	-	%z	1942 Feb 21 23:00
+			9:00	-	%z	1976 May  3
+			8:00	-	%z	2000 Sep 17  0:00
+			9:00	-	%z
 
 # India
 
@@ -1326,9 +1333,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1870	    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			5:21:10	-	MMT	1906 Jan  1 # Madras local time
 			5:30	-	IST	1941 Oct
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1942 May 15
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1942 May 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 #	Andaman Is
@@ -1380,33 +1387,33 @@ Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia
-			7:20	-	+0720	1932 Nov
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Mar 23
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
-			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
-			7:30	-	+0730	1964
+			7:20	-	%z	1932 Nov
+			7:30	-	%z	1942 Mar 23
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 23
+			7:30	-	%z	1948 May
+			8:00	-	%z	1950 May
+			7:30	-	%z	1964
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # west and central Borneo
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Jan 29
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
-			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
-			7:30	-	+0730	1964
+			7:30	-	%z	1942 Jan 29
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 23
+			7:30	-	%z	1948 May
+			8:00	-	%z	1950 May
+			7:30	-	%z	1964
 			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb  9
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
+			8:00	-	%z	1942 Feb  9
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 23
 			8:00	-	WITA
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	+09	1944 Sep  1
-			9:30	-	+0930	1964
+			9:00	-	%z	1944 Sep  1
+			9:30	-	%z	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
@@ -1516,6 +1523,16 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 # (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 September (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977).
 # UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union.
 
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2025-03-18):
+# ... the exact time of Iran's transition from +0400 to +0330 ... was Friday
+# 1357/8/19 AP=1978-11-10. Here's a newspaper clip from the Ettela'at
+# newspaper, dated 1357/8/14 AP=1978-11-05, translated from Persian
+# (at https://w.wiki/DUEY):
+#	Following the government's decision about returning the official time
+#	to the previous status, the spokesperson for the Ministry of Energy
+#	announced today: At the hour 24 of Friday 19th of Aban (=1978-11-10),
+#	the country's time will be pulled back half an hour.
+#
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
@@ -1642,9 +1659,9 @@ Rule	Iran	2021	2022	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
-			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00
-			4:00	Iran	+04/+05	1979
-			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430
+			3:30	Iran	%z	1977 Oct 20 24:00
+			4:00	Iran	%z	1978 Nov 10 24:00
+			3:30	Iran	%z
 
 
 # Iraq
@@ -1687,8 +1704,8 @@ Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
-			3:00	-	+03	1982 May
-			3:00	Iraq	+03/+04
+			3:00	-	%z	1982 May
+			3:00	Iraq	%z
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -2285,7 +2302,7 @@ Rule	Jordan	2022	only	-	Feb	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	2022 Oct 28 0:00s
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 
 # Kazakhstan
@@ -2496,88 +2513,88 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
 # This includes Abai/Abay (ISO 3166-2 code KZ-10), Aqmola/Akmola (KZ-11),
 # Almaty (KZ-19), Almaty city (KZ-75), Astana city (KZ-71),
-# East Kazkhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33),
+# East Kazakhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33),
 # Karaganda (KZ-35), North Kazakhstan (KZ-59), Pavlodar (KZ-55),
-# Shyumkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62).
+# Shymkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62).
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2024 Mar  1  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	%z	2024 Mar  1  0:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-43)
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2018 Dec 21  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	%z	2018 Dec 21  0:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-39)
 # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
 # reorganization.
 Zone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:28 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2024 Mar  1  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	%z	2024 Mar  1  0:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-15)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Mangghystaū (KZ-47)
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include timestamps before 1963.
 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Atyraū (KZ-23) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
 Zone	Asia/Atyrau	3:27:44	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1999 Mar 28  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1999 Mar 28  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-27)
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
-			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
@@ -2598,11 +2615,11 @@ Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	-
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
-			6:00	-	+06
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Aug 31  2:00
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	%z	2005 Aug 12
+			6:00	-	%z
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -2809,16 +2826,16 @@ Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
-			7:30	-	+0730	1933
-			8:00 NBorneo  +08/+0820	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			8:00	-	+08
+			7:30	-	%z	1933
+			8:00 NBorneo	%z	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 12
+			8:00	-	%z
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Malé
 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Malé Mean Time
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Mongolia
 
@@ -2920,9 +2937,37 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Malé
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
-# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
-# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
-# this is almost surely wrong.
+
+# From Heitor David Pinto (2024-06-23):
+# Sources about time zones in Mongolia seem to list one of two conflicting
+# configurations.  The first configuration, mentioned in a comment to the TZ
+# database in 1999, citing a Mongolian government website, lists the provinces
+# of Bayan-Ölgii, Khovd and Uvs in UTC+7, and the rest of the country in
+# UTC+8.  The second configuration, mentioned in a comment to the database in
+# 2001, lists Bayan-Ölgii, Khovd, Uvs, Govi-Altai and Zavkhan in UTC+7, Dornod
+# and Sükhbaatar in UTC+9, and the rest of the country in UTC+8.
+#
+# The first configuration is still mentioned by several Mongolian travel
+# agencies:
+# https://www.adventurerider.mn/en/page/about_mongolia
+# http://www.naturetours.mn/nt/mongolia.php
+# https://www.newjuulchin.mn/web/content/7506?unique=fa24a0f6e96e022a3578ee5195ac879638c734ce
+#
+# It also matches these flight schedules in 2013:
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20130722023600/https://www.hunnuair.com/en/timetabled
+# The flight times imply that the airports of Uliastai (Zavkhan), Choibalsan
+# (Dornod) and Altai (Govi-Altai) are in the same time zone as Ulaanbaatar,
+# and Khovd is one hour behind....
+#
+# The second configuration was mentioned by an official of the Mongolian
+# standards agency in an interview in 2014: https://ikon.mn/n/9v6
+# And it's still listed by the Mongolian aviation agency:
+# https://ais.mn/files/aip/eAIP/2023-12-25/html/eSUP/ZM-eSUP-23-04-en-MN.html
+#
+# ... I believe that the first configuration is what is actually observed in
+# Mongolia and has been so all along, at least since 1999.  The second
+# configuration closely matches the ideal time zone boundaries at 97.5° E and
+# 112.5° E but it doesn't seem to be used in practice.
 
 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
@@ -2961,25 +3006,18 @@ Rule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			6:00	-	+06	1978
-			7:00	Mongol	+07/+08
+			6:00	-	%z	1978
+			7:00	Mongol	%z
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	+07	1978
-			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
-# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
-Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	+07	1978
-			8:00	-	+08	1983 Apr
-			9:00	Mongol	+09/+10	2008 Mar 31
-			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
+			7:00	-	%z	1978
+			8:00	Mongol	%z
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
-			5:30	-	+0530	1986
-			5:45	-	+0545
+			5:30	-	%z	1986
+			5:45	-	%z
 
 # Pakistan
 
@@ -3125,10 +3163,10 @@ Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
-			5:30	-	+0530	1951 Sep 30
-			5:00	-	+05	1971 Mar 26
+			5:30	-	%z	1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 15
+			5:30	-	%z	1951 Sep 30
+			5:00	-	%z	1971 Mar 26
 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
@@ -3660,30 +3698,79 @@ Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
 # History of the International Date Line
 # https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
-# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
-# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
-# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
-# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
-# but no details]
+# From P Chan (2021-05-10):
+# Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese:
+#	https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time
+# (2021-05-16):
+# According to the references listed in the article,
+# the periods that the Philippines (Manila) observed DST or used +9 are:
+#
+# 1936-10-31 24:00 to 1937-01-15 24:00
+#	(Proclamation No. 104, Proclamation No. 126)
+# 1941-12-15 24:00 to 1945-11-30 24:00
+#	(Proclamation No. 789, Proclamation No. 20)
+# 1954-04-11 24:00 to 1954-06-04 24:00
+#	(Proclamation No. 13, Proclamation No. 33)
+# 1977-03-27 24:00 to 1977-09-21 24:00
+#	(Proclamation No. 1629, Proclamation No. 1641)
+# 1990-05-21 00:00 to 1990-07-28 24:00
+#	(National Emergency Memorandum Order No. 17, Executive Order No. 415)
+#
+# Proclamation No. 104 ... October 30, 1936
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/10/30/proclamation-no-104-s-1936/
+# Proclamation No. 126 ... January 15, 1937
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/01/15/proclamation-no-126-s-1937/
+# Proclamation No. 789 ... December 13, 1941
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/12/13/proclamation-no-789-s-1941/
+# Proclamation No. 20 ... November 11, 1945
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1945/11/11/proclamation-no-20-s-1945/
+# Proclamation No. 13 ... April 6, 1954
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1954/04/06/proclamation-no-13-s-1954/
+# Proclamation No. 33 ... June 3, 1954
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1954/06/03/proclamation-no-33-s-1954/
+# Proclamation No. 1629 ... March 25, 1977
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/03/25/proclamation-no-1629-s-1977/
+# Proclamation No. 1641 ...May 26, 1977
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/05/26/proclamation-no-1641-s-1977/
+# National Emergency Memorandum Order No. 17 ... May 2, 1990
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/05/02/national-emergency-memorandum-order-no-17-s-1990/
+# Executive Order No. 415 ... July 20, 1990
+#  https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/07/20/executive-order-no-415-s-1990/
+#
+# During WWII, Proclamation No. 789 fixed two periods of DST. The first period
+# was set to continue only until January 31, 1942. But Manila was occupied by
+# the Japanese earlier in the month....
+#
+# For the date of the adoption of standard time, Shank[s] gives 1899-05-11.
+# The article is not able to state the basis of that. I guess it was based on
+# a US War Department Circular issued on that date.
+#	https://books.google.com/books?id=JZ1PAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA8
+#
+# However, according to other sources, standard time was adopted on
+# 1899-09-06.  Also, the LMT was GMT+8:03:52
+#	https://books.google.com/books?id=MOYIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA521
+#	https://books.google.com/books?id=lSnqqatpYikC&pg=PA21
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-09-05):
+# The penultimate URL in P Chan's email refers to page 521 of
+# Selga M, The Time Service in the Philippines.
+# Proc Pan-Pacific Science Congress. Vol. 1 (1923), 519-532.
+# It says, "The change from the meridian 120° 58' 04" to the 120th implied a
+# change of 3 min. 52s.26 in time; consequently on 6th September, 1899,
+# Manila Observatory gave the noon signal 3 min. 52s.26 later than before".
+#
+# Wikipedia says the US declared Manila liberated on March 4, 1945;
+# this doesn't affect clocks, just our time zone abbreviation and DST flag.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
-# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
-# March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
-# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
-# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
-# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
-# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
-
-# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
+# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15) with URLs updated by Guy Harris (2024-02-15):
 # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
 # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
 # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
 # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
-# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
-# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
+# [1] https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
+# [2] https://prsd.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/28-astronomy/302-philippine-standard-time
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
 # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
@@ -3692,32 +3779,34 @@ Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # influence of the sources.  There is no current abbreviation for DST,
 # so use "PDT", the usual American style.
 
-# From P Chan (2021-05-10):
-# Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese:
-# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time
-# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10):
-# The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below.
-
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Oct	31	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Jan	15	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1941	only	-	Dec	15	24:00	1:00	D
+# The following three rules were canceled by Japan:
+#Rule	Phil	1942	only	-	Jan	31	24:00	0	S
+#Rule	Phil	1942	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+#Rule	Phil	1942	only	-	Jun	30	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1945	only	-	Nov	30	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	11	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jun	 4	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1977	only	-	Mar	27	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Phil	1977	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1990	only	-	May	21	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Phil	1990	only	-	Jul	28	24:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
-			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 May
-			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
+Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:08 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
+			8:03:52 -	LMT	1899 Sep  6  4:00u
+			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 Feb 11 24:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Mar  4
 			8:00	Phil	P%sT
 
 # Bahrain
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
-			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	+03
+			4:00	-	%z	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Kuwait
 # Saudi Arabia
@@ -3767,7 +3856,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Singapore
 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
@@ -3775,13 +3864,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
-			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
-			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
-			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			7:30	-	+0730	1981 Dec 31 16:00u
-			8:00	-	+08
+			7:00	-	%z	1933 Jan  1
+			7:00	0:20	%z	1936 Jan  1
+			7:20	-	%z	1941 Sep  1
+			7:30	-	%z	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep 12
+			7:30	-	%z	1981 Dec 31 16:00u
+			8:00	-	%z
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
@@ -3839,13 +3928,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
-			5:30	0:30	+06	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 16  2:00
-			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
-			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
-			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
-			5:30	-	+0530
+			5:30	-	%z	1942 Jan  5
+			5:30	0:30	%z	1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	%z	1945 Oct 16  2:00
+			5:30	-	%z	1996 May 25  0:00
+			6:30	-	%z	1996 Oct 26  0:30
+			6:00	-	%z	2006 Apr 15  0:30
+			5:30	-	%z
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -4016,16 +4105,16 @@ Rule	Syria	2009	2022	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT	2022 Oct 28 0:00
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Tajikistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia %z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Cambodia
 # Christmas I
@@ -4035,16 +4124,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
-			7:00	-	+07
+			7:00	-	%z
 
 # Turkmenistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Oman
 # Réunion
@@ -4054,25 +4143,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 # The Crozet Is also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	+04
+			4:00	-	%z
 
 # Uzbekistan
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00	-	+05
+			4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	%z	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	%z	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992
+			5:00	-	%z
 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8.
 		#STDOFF	4:37:10.8
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00	-	+05
+			5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	%z	1992
+			5:00	-	%z
 
 # Vietnam (southern)
 
@@ -4130,7 +4219,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Võ Nguyên Giáp, Việt Nam Dân Quốc Công Báo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13
 # http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none
 # It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07.
-# It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Goveror-General)
+# It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Governor-General)
 # to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree
 # merely legalized an earlier change to +09.
 #
@@ -4151,14 +4240,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 		#STDOFF	7:06:30.13
 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:30 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
-			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  1 24:00
-			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1955 Jul  1 01:00
-			7:00	-	+07	1959 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1975 Jun 13
-			7:00	-	+07
+			7:00	-	%z	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	%z	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep  1 24:00
+			7:00	-	%z	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	%z	1955 Jul  1 01:00
+			7:00	-	%z	1959 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	%z	1975 Jun 13
+			7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
 #

make/data/tzdata/australasia

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:45	Aus +0845/+0945	1943 Jul
-			 8:45	AW  +0845/+0945
+			 8:45	Aus	%z	1943 Jul
+			 8:45	AW	%z
 
 # Queensland
 #
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
-			10:30	LH	+1030/+1130 1985 Jul
-			10:30	LH	+1030/+11
+			10:30	LH	%z	1985 Jul
+			10:30	LH	%z
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
@@ -439,16 +439,16 @@ Rule	Fiji	2019	only	-	Nov	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Fiji	2020	only	-	Dec	20	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
-			12:00	Fiji	+12/+13
+			12:00	Fiji	%z
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Rikitea
-			 -9:00	-	-09
+			 -9:00	-	%z
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1
-			 -9:30	-	-0930
+			 -9:30	-	%z
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Papeete
-			-10:00	-	-10
+			-10:00	-	%z
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ Rule	Guam	1977	only	-	Aug	28	2:00	0	S
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
 			10:00	-	GST	1941 Dec 10 # Guam
-			 9:00	-	+09	1944 Jul 31
+			 9:00	-	%z	1944 Jul 31
 			10:00	Guam	G%sT	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
@@ -503,30 +503,30 @@ Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 # Wallis & Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	+12
+			 12:00	-	%z
 
 # Kiribati (except Gilbert Is)
 # See Pacific/Tarawa for the Gilbert Is.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Kanton	  0	-	-00	1937 Aug 31
-			-12:00	-	-12	1979 Oct
-			-11:00	-	-11	1994 Dec 31
-			 13:00	-	+13
+			-12:00	-	%z	1979 Oct
+			-11:00	-	%z	1994 Dec 31
+			 13:00	-	%z
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:40	-	-1040	1979 Oct
-			-10:00	-	-10	1994 Dec 31
-			 14:00	-	+14
+			-10:40	-	%z	1979 Oct
+			-10:00	-	%z	1994 Dec 31
+			 14:00	-	%z
 
 # Marshall Is
 # See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	 11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1944 Feb  6
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	-12	1993 Aug 20 24:00
-			 12:00	-	+12
+			 11:00	-	%z	1937
+			 10:00	-	%z	1941 Apr  1
+			  9:00	-	%z	1944 Feb  6
+			 11:00	-	%z	1969 Oct
+			-12:00	-	%z	1993 Aug 20 24:00
+			 12:00	-	%z
 
 # Micronesia
 # For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby.
@@ -534,22 +534,22 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	 11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	-13:08:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1914 Oct
-			  9:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			 12:00	-	+12	1999
-			 11:00	-	+11
+			 11:00	-	%z	1914 Oct
+			  9:00	-	%z	1919 Feb  1
+			 11:00	-	%z	1937
+			 10:00	-	%z	1941 Apr  1
+			  9:00	-	%z	1945 Aug
+			 11:00	-	%z	1969 Oct
+			 12:00	-	%z	1999
+			 11:00	-	%z
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
-			11:30	-	+1130	1942 Aug 29
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  8
-			11:30	-	+1130	1979 Feb 10  2:00
-			12:00	-	+12
+			11:30	-	%z	1942 Aug 29
+			 9:00	-	%z	1945 Sep  8
+			11:30	-	%z	1979 Feb 10  2:00
+			12:00	-	%z
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
-			11:00	NC	+11/+12
+			11:00	NC	%z
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -604,8 +604,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
-			12:15	-	+1215	1946 Jan  1
-			12:45	Chatham	+1245/+1345
+			12:15	-	%z	1946 Jan  1
+			12:45	Chatham	%z
 
 # Auckland Is
 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
@@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	13:20:56 -	LMT	1899 Dec 26 # Avarua
 			-10:39:04 -	LMT	1952 Oct 16
-			-10:30	-	-1030	1978 Nov 12
-			-10:00	Cook	-10/-0930
+			-10:30	-	%z	1978 Nov 12
+			-10:00	Cook	%z
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -676,30 +676,30 @@ Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	13:20:56 -	LMT	1899 Dec 26 # Avarua
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1952 Oct 16	# Alofi
-			-11:20	-	-1120	1964 Jul
-			-11:00	-	-11
+			-11:20	-	%z	1964 Jul
+			-11:00	-	%z
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
-			11:12	-	+1112	1951
-			11:30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00s
-			11:30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00s
-			11:30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2019 Jul
-			11:00	AN	+11/+12
+			11:12	-	%z	1951
+			11:30	-	%z	1974 Oct 27 02:00s
+			11:30	1:00	%z	1975 Mar  2 02:00s
+			11:30	-	%z	2015 Oct  4 02:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2019 Jul
+			11:00	AN	%z
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	-15:02:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31	# Koror
 			  8:57:56 -	LMT	1901
-			  9:00	-	+09
+			  9:00	-	%z
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
-			10:00	-	+10
+			10:00	-	%z
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
@@ -720,16 +720,16 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 #
 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 -	LMT	1880
 			 9:48:32 -	PMMT	1895
-			10:00	-	+10	1942 Jul
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 21
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Dec 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11
+			10:00	-	%z	1942 Jul
+			 9:00	-	%z	1945 Aug 21
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Dec 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	-0830	1998 Apr 27  0:00
-			-8:00	-	-08
+			-8:30	-	%z	1998 Apr 27  0:00
+			-8:00	-	%z
 
 # American Samoa
 # Midway
@@ -818,15 +818,15 @@ Rule	WS	2012	2020	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1892 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	-1130	1950
-			-11:00	WS	-11/-10	2011 Dec 29 24:00
-			 13:00	WS	+13/+14
+			-11:30	-	%z	1950
+			-11:00	WS	%z	2011 Dec 29 24:00
+			 13:00	WS	%z
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Honiara
-			11:00	-	+11
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 # Tokelau
 #
@@ -849,8 +849,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct  1 # Honiara
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	-11	2011 Dec 30
-			13:00	-	+13
+			-11:00	-	%z	2011 Dec 30
+			13:00	-	%z
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -862,9 +862,9 @@ Rule	Tonga	2016	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Tonga	2017	only	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:12 -	LMT	1945 Sep 10
-			12:20	-	+1220	1961
-			13:00	-	+13	1999
-			13:00	Tonga	+13/+14
+			12:20	-	%z	1961
+			13:00	-	%z	1999
+			13:00	Tonga	%z
 
 
 # US minor outlying islands
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sat>=22	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sat>=22	24:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
-			11:00	Vanuatu	+11/+12
+			11:00	Vanuatu	%z
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -1262,10 +1262,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
-# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
-# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
-# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
+# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
+# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+# WA are trialing DST for three years.
+# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01):
 # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the
@@ -1277,54 +1277,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
 # [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."]
 
-# Queensland
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26):
-# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST:
-# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland.
-# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403
-# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
-# #						[ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-
-# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
-# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
-# October 1989).
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
-# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
-# end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
-# me.)
-
-# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
-# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
-# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
-# ...
-# Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
-# ...
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
-
-# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
-# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
-# WA are trialing DST for three years.
-# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
+# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
+# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
@@ -1382,6 +1338,59 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
 
+# From Stuart Bishop (2024-11-12):
+# An article discussing the in-use but technically unofficial timezones
+# in the Western Australian portion of the Nullarbor Plain.
+# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-22/outback-wa-properties-strange-time-zones/104542494
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-11-12):
+# As the article says, the Eyre Bird Observatory and nearby sheep stations
+# can use Tokyo time.  Other possibilities include Asia/Chita, Asia/Seoul,
+# and Asia/Jayapura.
+
+# Queensland
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26):
+# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST:
+# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland.
+# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403
+# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
+# #						[ Dec 1990 ]
+# ...
+# Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST
+# ...
+# Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+# Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
+# Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+# Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
+
+# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
+# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
+# October 1989).
+
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
+# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
+
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
+# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
+# end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
+# me.)
+
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
+# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
+# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
+# ...
+# Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+# Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
+# ...
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
+# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
+
 
 # southeast Australia
 #

make/data/tzdata/backward

@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# tzdb links for backward compatibility
+# Links and zones for backward compatibility
 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones.
+# It also provides a few zone entries for old naming conventions.
 # Many names changed in 1993 and in 1995, and many merged names moved here
 # in the period from 2013 through 2022.  Several of these names are
 # also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@ Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre	#= America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
 Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
 Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
+Link	Europe/Brussels		CET
+Link	America/Chicago		CST6CDT
 Link	America/Halifax		Canada/Atlantic
 Link	America/Winnipeg	Canada/Central
 # This line is commented out, as the name exceeded the 14-character limit
@@ -81,6 +84,9 @@ Link	America/Whitehorse	Canada/Yukon
 Link	America/Santiago	Chile/Continental
 Link	Pacific/Easter		Chile/EasterIsland
 Link	America/Havana		Cuba
+Link	Europe/Athens		EET
+Link	America/Panama		EST
+Link	America/New_York	EST5EDT
 Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
 Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
 # Vanguard section, for most .zi parsers.
@@ -119,6 +125,9 @@ Link	America/Jamaica		Jamaica
 Link	Asia/Tokyo		Japan
 Link	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
+Link	Europe/Brussels		MET
+Link	America/Phoenix		MST
+Link	America/Denver		MST7MDT
 Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
 Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
 Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
@@ -298,6 +307,7 @@ Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
 Link	America/Toronto		America/Thunder_Bay
 Link	America/Edmonton	America/Yellowknife
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
+Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Choibalsan
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
 Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
@@ -312,6 +322,7 @@ Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Zaporozhye
 Link	Pacific/Kanton		Pacific/Enderbury
 Link	Pacific/Honolulu	Pacific/Johnston
 Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Yap
+Link	Europe/Lisbon		WET
 
 
 # Alternate names for the same location
@@ -337,5 +348,7 @@ Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Kiev
 # Classically, Cyprus is in Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
 Link	Asia/Nicosia		Europe/Nicosia
+Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
+Link	America/Los_Angeles	PST8PDT
 Link	Pacific/Guadalcanal	Pacific/Ponape	#= Pacific/Pohnpei
 Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Truk	#= Pacific/Chuuk

make/data/tzdata/etcetera

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 # These entries are for uses not otherwise covered by the tz database.
 # Their main practical use is for platforms like Android that lack
-# support for POSIX.1-2017-style TZ strings.  On such platforms these entries
+# support for POSIX proleptic TZ strings.  On such platforms these entries
 # can be useful if the timezone database is wrong or if a ship or
 # aircraft at sea is not in a timezone.
 
@@ -74,29 +74,33 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				GMT
 # so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
 # Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
 
-Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	+14
-Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	+13
-Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	+12
-Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	+11
-Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	+10
-Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	+09
-Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	+08
-Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	+07
-Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	+06
-Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	+05
-Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	+04
-Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	+03
-Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	+02
-Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	+01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	-01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	-02
-Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	-03
-Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	-04
-Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	-05
-Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	-06
-Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	-07
-Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	-08
-Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	-09
-Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	-10
-Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	-11
-Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	-12
+# There is no "Etc/Unknown" entry, as CLDR says that "Etc/Unknown"
+# corresponds to an unknown or invalid time zone, and things would get
+# confusing if Etc/Unknown were made valid here.
+
+Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	%z
+Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	%z

make/data/tzdata/europe

@@ -753,14 +753,6 @@ Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 # to be standard.
 
-# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
-Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
-Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
-Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
 
@@ -894,7 +886,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Belgium
 # Luxembourg
@@ -1178,7 +1170,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
 # However, Greenland will change to Daylight Saving Time again in 2024
 # and onwards.
 
-# From a contributor who wishes to remain anonymous for now (2023-10-29):
+# From Jule Dabars (2023-10-29):
 # https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/i-nat-skal-uret-stilles-en-time-tilbage-men-foerste-gang-sker-det-ikke-i-groenland
 # with a link to that page:
 # https://naalakkersuisut.gl/Nyheder/2023/10/2710_sommertid
@@ -1199,22 +1191,22 @@ Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	1996
+			-3:00	-	%z	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-3:00	EU	%z	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 #
 # Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit
 # exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-			-2:00	-	-02	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-2:00	C-Eur	-02/-01	1981 Mar 29
-			-1:00	EU	-01/+00 2024 Mar 31
-			-2:00	EU	-02/-01
+			-2:00	-	%z	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-2:00	C-Eur	%z	1981 Mar 29
+			-1:00	EU	%z	2024 Mar 31
+			-2:00	EU	%z
 Zone America/Nuuk	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb
-			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	2023 Mar 26  1:00u
-			-2:00	-	-02	2023 Oct 29  1:00u
-			-2:00	EU	-02/-01
+			-3:00	-	%z	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-3:00	EU	%z	2023 Mar 26  1:00u
+			-2:00	-	%z	2023 Oct 29  1:00u
+			-2:00	EU	%z
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 
@@ -2086,10 +2078,39 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Portugal
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
-# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Alois Treindl (2021-02-07) and Michael
+# Deckers (2021-02-10):
+# http://oal.ul.pt/documentos/2018/01/hl1911a2018.pdf/
+# The Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon has published a list detailing the
+# historical transitions in legal time within continental Portugal.  It
+# directly references many decrees and ordinances which are, in turn,
+# referenced below.  They can be viewed in the public archives of the Diário da
+# República (until 1976-04-09 known as the Diário do Govêrno) at
+# https://dre.pt/ (in Portuguese).
+#
+# Most of the Rules below have been updated simply to match the Observatory's
+# listing for continental (mainland) Portugal.  Although there are over 50
+# referenced decrees and ordinances, only the handful with comments below have
+# been verified against the text, typically to provide additional confidence
+# wherever dates provided by Whitman and Shanks & Pottenger had disagreed.
+# See further below for the Azores and Madeira.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a
+# heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a 1911-05-24 Portuguese decree, Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but
+# switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/593090
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/593090
+# The decree made legal time throughout Portugal and her possessions
+# "subordinate to the Greenwich meridian, according to the principle adopted at
+# the Washington Convention in 1884" and eliminated the "difference of five
+# minutes between the internal and external clocks of railway stations".
+#
+# The decree was gazetted in the 1911-05-30 issue of Diário do Govêrno, and is
+# considered to be dated 1911-05-24 by that issue's summary; however, the text
+# of the decree itself is dated 1911-05-26.  The Diário da República website
+# notes the discrepancy, but later laws and the Observatory all seem to refer
+# to this decree by the 1911-05-24 date.
 #
 # From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
 # article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
@@ -2097,37 +2118,62 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 # according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins,
 # all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ...
 
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
-# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
-# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
-#
-# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
-# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
-# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
-# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
-# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
-# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
-# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
-# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
-#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
-# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
+# DSH writes in their history that Decreto 1469 of 1915-03-30 established
+# summer time and that, "despite" this, the change to the clocks was not done
+# every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
+# In fact, that decree had nothing to do with DST; rather, it regulated the
+# sending of time signals.  But we do see linkage to Spain in the 1920s below.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/1469-1915-285721
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/285721
+#
+# According to the Observatory, standard time was first advanced by Decreto
+# 2433 of 1916-06-09 and restored by Decreto 2712 of 1916-10-28.  While Whitman
+# gives 1916-10-31 for the latter transition, Shanks & Pottenger agrees more
+# closely with the decree, which stated that its provision "will start sixty
+# minutes after the end of 31 October, according to the current time," i.e.,
+# 01:00 on 1 November.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2433-1916-267192
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/267192
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2712-1916-590937
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/590937
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Article 7 of Decreto 2922 of 1916-12-30 stated that "the legal time will be
+# advanced by sixty minutes from 1 March to 31 October."  Per Article 15, this
+# came into force from 1917-01-01.  Just before the first fall back, Decreto
+# 3446 of 1917-10-11 changed the annual end date to 14 October.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2922-1916-261894
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/261894
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/3446-1917-495161
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/495161
+# This annual change was revoked by Decreto 8038 of 1922-02-18.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/8038-1922-569751
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/569751
+Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	24:00	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto 9592 of 1924-04-14 noted that "France maintains the advance of legal
+# time in the summer and Spain has now adopted it for the first time" and
+# considered "that the absence of similar measures would cause serious
+# difficulties for international rail connections with consequent repercussions
+# on domestic service hours..." along with "inconvenient analogues...for postal
+# and telegraph services."  Summer time would be in effect from 17 April to 4
+# October, with the spring change explicitly specified by bringing clocks
+# forward from 16 April 23:00.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/9592-1924-652133
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/652133
+#
+# Decreto 10700, issued 1925-04-16, noted that Spain had not continued summer
+# time, declared that "the current legal hour prior to 17 April remains
+# unchanged from that day forward", and revoked legislation to the contrary,
+# just a day before summer time would have otherwise resumed.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/10700-1925-437826
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/437826
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2139,6 +2185,8 @@ Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Note: The 1935 law specified 10-06 00:00, not 10-05 24:00, but the following
+# is equivalent and more succinct.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2149,10 +2197,19 @@ Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Portaria 9465 of 1940-02-17 advanced clocks from Saturday 1940-02-24 23:00.
+# The clocks were restored by Portaria 9658, issued Monday 1940-10-07,
+# effective from 24:00 that very night, which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger;
+# Whitman gives Saturday 1940-10-05 instead.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/9465-1940-189096
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/189096
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/9658-1940-196729
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/196729
 Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Oct	 7	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2162,66 +2219,195 @@ Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1947	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Alois Treindl (2021-02-07):
+# The Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon cites Portaria 11767 of 1947-03-28 for
+# 1947 and Portaria 12286 of 1948-02-19 for 1948.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/11767-1947-414787
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/414787
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/12286-1948-152953
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/152953
+#
+# Although the latter ordinance explicitly had the 1948-10-03 transition
+# scheduled for 02:00 rather than 03:00 as had been used in 1947, Decreto-Lei
+# 37048 of 1948-09-07 recognized "that it is advisable to definitely set...the
+# 'summer time' regime", and fixed the fall transition at 03:00 moving forward.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/37048-1948-373810
+# https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/373810
+# While the Observatory only cites this act for 1949-1965 and not for 1948, it
+# does not appear to have had any provision delaying its effect, so assume that
+# it overrode the prior ordinance for 1948-10-03.
+#
+# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950 and gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on.
+# The Observatory, however, agrees with Shanks & Pottenger that 1950 was not an
+# exception and that Oct Sun>=1 was maintained through 1965.
+Rule	Port	1947	1966	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto-Lei 47233 of 1966-10-01 considered that the "duality" in time was
+# "the cause of serious disturbances" and noted that "the countries with which
+# we have the most frequent contacts...have already adopted" a solution
+# coinciding with the extant "summer time".  It established that the former
+# "summer time" would apply year-round on the mainland and adjacent islands
+# with immediate effect, as the fall back would have otherwise occurred later
+# that evening.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/47233-1966-293729
+# Model this by changing zones without changing clocks at the
+# previously-appointed fall back time.
+#
+# Decreto-Lei 309/76 of 1976-04-27 acknowledged that those international
+# contacts had returned to adopting seasonal times, and considered that the
+# year-round advancement "entails considerable sacrifices for the vast majority
+# of the working population during the winter months", including morning
+# visibility concerns for schoolchildren.  It specified, beginning 1976-09-26
+# 01:00, an annual return to UT+00 on the mainland from 00:00 UT on Sep lastSun
+# to 00:00 UT on Mar lastSun (unless the latter date fell on Easter, in which
+# case it was to be brought forward to the preceding Sunday).  It also assigned
+# the Permanent Time Commission to study and propose revisions for the Azores
+# and Madeira, neither of which resumed DST until 1982 (as described further
+# below).
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/309-1976-502063
+Rule	Port	1976	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Beginning in 1978, rather than triggering the Easter rule of the 1976 decree
+# (Easter fell on 1978-03-26), Article 5 was used instead, which allowed DST
+# dates to be changed by order of the Minister of Education and Scientific
+# Research, upon consultation with the Permanent Time Commission, "whenever
+# considered convenient."  As such, a series of one-off ordinances were
+# promulgated for the mainland in 1978 through 1980, after which the 1976
+# decree naturally came back into force from 1981.
+Rule	Port	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1979	1980	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Port	1981	1986	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1981	1985	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto-Lei 44-B/86 of 1986-03-07 switched mainland Portugal's transition
+# times from 0:00s to 1:00u to harmonize with the EEC from 1986-03-30.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/44-b-1986-628280
+# (Transitions of 1:00s as previously reported and used by the W-Eur rules,
+# though equivalent, appear to have been fiction here.)  Madeira continued to
+# use 0:00s for spring 1986 before joining with the mainland using 1:00u in the
+# fall; meanwhile, in the Azores the two were equivalent, so the law specifying
+# 0:00s wasn't touched until 1992.  (See below for more on the islands.)
+#
+# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
+# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
+# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
+#
+# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
+# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
+# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
+# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 		#STDOFF	-0:36:44.68
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  0:00u # Lisbon MT
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
 			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1986
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00u
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# For the Azores and Madeira, legislation was followed from the laws currently
+# in force as listed at:
+# https://oal.ul.pt/hora-legal/legislacao/
+# working backward through references of revocation and abrogation to
+# Decreto-Lei 47233 of 1966-10-01, the last time DST was abolished across the
+# mainland and its adjacent islands.  Because of that reference, it is
+# therefore assumed that DST rules in the islands prior to 1966 were like that
+# of the mainland, though most legislation of the time didn't explicitly
+# specify DST practices for the islands.
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
 			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1  2:00u # Horta MT
 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
-#			-2:00	Port	%z	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-#			-1:00	Port	%z	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-#			-1:00	W-Eur	%z	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			-2:00	Port	%z	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# While Decreto-Lei 309/76 of 1976-04-27 reintroduced DST on the mainland by
+# falling back on 1976-09-26, it assigned the Permanent Time Commission to
+# study and propose revisions for the Azores and Madeira.  Decreto Regional
+# 9/77/A of 1977-05-17 affirmed that "the legal time remained unchanged in the
+# Azores" at UT-1, and would remain there year-round.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/9-1977-252066
+#
+# Decreto Regional 2/82/A, published 1982-03-02, adopted DST in the same
+# fashion as the mainland used at the time.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/2-1982-599965
+# Though transitions in the Azores officially remained at 0:00s through 1992,
+# this was equivalent to the EU-style 1:00u adopted by the mainland in 1986, so
+# model it as such.
+			-1:00	-	%z	1982 Mar 28  0:00s
+			-1:00	Port	%z	1986
 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	-01/+00	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	+00	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+#			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
+#			-1:00	-	-01	1982 Mar 28  0:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1986
 # End of rearguard section.
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
-			-1:00	EU	-01/+00
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# After mainland Portugal had shifted forward an hour from 1992-09-27, Decreto
+# Legislativo Regional 29/92/A of 1992-12-23 sought to "reduce the time
+# difference" by shifting the Azores forward as well from 1992-12-27.  Just six
+# months later, this was revoked by Decreto Legislativo Regional 9/93/A, citing
+# "major changes in work habits and way of life."  Though the revocation didn't
+# give a transition time, it was signed Wednesday 1993-06-16; assume it took
+# effect later that evening, and that an EU-style spring forward (to +01) was
+# still observed in the interim on 1993-03-28.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/29-1992-621553
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/9-1993-389633
+			-1:00	EU	%z	1992 Dec 27  1:00s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Jun 17  1:00u
+			-1:00	EU	%z
+
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
 			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u # Funchal MT
 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z.
-#			-1:00	Port	%z	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			-1:00	Port	%z	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	+01	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+#			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1966 Oct  2  2:00s
 # End of rearguard section.
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
+# Decreto Regional 5/82/M, published 1982-04-03, established DST transitions at
+# 0:00u, which for Madeira is equivalent to the mainland's rules (0:00s) at the
+# time.  It came into effect the day following its publication, Sunday
+# 1982-04-04, thus resuming Madeira's DST practice about a week later than the
+# mainland and the Azores.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/5-1982-608273
+#
+# Decreto Legislativo Regional 18/86/M, published 1986-10-01, adopted EU-style
+# rules (1:00u) and entered into immediate force after being signed on
+# 1986-07-31.
+# https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/18-1986-221705
+			 0:00	-	WET	1982 Apr  4
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1986 Jul 31
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
@@ -2433,7 +2619,7 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1946 Apr  7
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET
 
 
@@ -2683,14 +2869,14 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
 
 Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
@@ -2720,15 +2906,15 @@ Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002
 
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	%z	1961 Nov 11
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK	2018 Oct 28  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2020 Dec 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2020 Dec 27  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
@@ -2743,14 +2929,14 @@ Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
 
 Zone Europe/Saratov	 3:04:18 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Dec  4  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2016 Dec  4  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Kirov covers:
@@ -2758,10 +2944,10 @@ Zone Europe/Saratov	 3:04:18 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
 Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
@@ -2776,15 +2962,15 @@ Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	%z	1935 Jan 27
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	%z	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
@@ -2800,14 +2986,14 @@ Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
 
 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
+			 3:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	%z
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
@@ -2832,12 +3018,12 @@ Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 		#STDOFF	 4:02:32.9
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
-			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 5:00	-	+05
+			 4:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 5:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 5:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -2847,12 +3033,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
 
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06
+			 5:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
@@ -2885,14 +3071,14 @@ Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
 
 Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1995 May 28
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1995 May 28
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
@@ -2906,14 +3092,14 @@ Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
 
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
@@ -2958,14 +3144,14 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
 
 Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2002 May  1  3:00
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 May 29  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	2002 May  1  3:00
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	%z	2016 May 29  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -2996,12 +3182,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
 # realigning itself with KRAT.
 
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
@@ -3015,12 +3201,12 @@ Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
 
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
+			 6:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -3037,12 +3223,12 @@ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08
+			 7:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@@ -3059,13 +3245,13 @@ Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
 
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
-			 9:00	-	+09
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00
+			 9:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3105,12 +3291,12 @@ Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
 
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3128,12 +3314,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
-			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10
+			 9:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3151,14 +3337,14 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
 
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	2004
+			10:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3174,14 +3360,14 @@ Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
+			 9:00	-	%z	1945 Aug 25
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3204,13 +3390,13 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
 
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
+			10:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@@ -3255,12 +3441,12 @@ Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
 
 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
+			10:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3278,14 +3464,14 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
 
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10
+			 8:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	%z	1981 Apr  1
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	%z	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -3298,12 +3484,12 @@ Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
-			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12
+			11:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			12:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3311,13 +3497,13 @@ Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 # 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
 
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
-			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12
+			12:00	-	%z	1930 Jun 21
+			13:00	Russia	%z	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	%z	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	%z	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	%z	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	%z
 
 # Bosnia & Herzegovina
 # Croatia
@@ -3436,7 +3622,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00u
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	-01	1946 Sep 30  1:00
+			-1:00	-	%z	1946 Sep 30  1:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
@@ -3517,8 +3703,8 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
 # hour before the beginning of service.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
-# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24):
+# Express BMT as 0:29:45.500, approximately the same precision 7° 26' 22.50".
 #
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
@@ -3557,6 +3743,7 @@ Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
+		#STDOFF	0:29:45.500
 			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -3754,7 +3941,7 @@ Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Jun 29
-			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1984 Nov  1  2:00
+			3:00	Turkey	%z	1984 Nov  1  2:00
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
@@ -3763,7 +3950,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
-			3:00	-	+03
+			3:00	-	%z
 
 # Ukraine
 #

make/data/tzdata/factory

@@ -31,5 +31,15 @@
 # time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
 # is unknown.
 
+# TZ="Factory" was added to TZDB in 1989, and in 2016 its abbreviation
+# was changed to "-00" from a longish English-language error message.
+# Around 2010, CLDR added "Etc/Unknown" for use with TZDB, to stand
+# for an unknown or invalid time zone.  These two notions differ:
+# TZ="Factory" is a valid timezone, so tzalloc("Factory") succeeds, whereas
+# TZ="Etc/Unknown" is invalid and tzalloc("Etc/Unknown") fails.
+# Also, a downstream distributor could modify Factory to be a
+# default timezone suitable for the devices it manufactures,
+# whereas that cannot happen for Etc/Unknown.
+
 # Zone	NAME	STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT
 Zone	Factory	0	-	-00

make/data/tzdata/leapseconds

@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 # Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
 # This Expires line is commented out for now,
 # so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
-#Expires 2024	Dec	28	00:00:00
+#Expires 2025	Dec	28	00:00:00
 
 # POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
-#updated 1704708379 (2024-01-08 10:06:19 UTC)
-#expires 1735344000 (2024-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
+#updated 1736208000 (2025-01-07 00:00:00 UTC)
+#expires 1766880000 (2025-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
 
 #	Updated through IERS Bulletin C (https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/bulletinc.dat)
-#	File expires on 28 December 2024
+#	File expires on 28 December 2025

make/data/tzdata/northamerica

@@ -50,9 +50,12 @@
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-11-18):
 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
-# lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
+# lines between time zones.  Sandford Fleming of the Canadian Pacific Railway
+# argued for Dowd's proposal in 1876, and Cleveland Abbe of the American
+# Meteorology Society published a report in 1879 recommending four US time
+# zones based on GMT.  However, the key individual who made time zones
 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
@@ -208,26 +211,6 @@ Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
-# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
-# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
-# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
-# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
-# this time zone package.
-# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
-# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
-# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
-# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
-# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
-Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
-Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
-Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
-Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
-Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
-Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
-
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
@@ -1651,6 +1634,15 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
 # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
 # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2025-03-20):
+# Also see the 1912-06-17 front page of The Evening Sunbeam,
+# reproduced in: Richardson M. "Daylight saving was a confusing
+# time in Orillia" in the 2025-03-15 Orillia Matters. Richardson writes,
+# "The first Sunday after the switch was made, [DST proponent and
+# Orillia mayor William Sword] Frost walked into church an hour late.
+# This became a symbol of the downfall of daylight saving in Orillia."
+# The mayor became known as "Daylight Bill".
+# https://www.orilliamatters.com/local-news/column-daylight-saving-was-a-confusing-time-in-orillia-10377529
 
 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
 #
@@ -2396,6 +2388,81 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
 # the relevant documents.
 
+# From Heitor David Pinto (2024-08-04):
+# In 1931, the decree implementing DST specified that it would take
+# effect on 30 April....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=192270&pagina=2&seccion=1
+#
+# In 1981, the decree changing Campeche, Yucatán and Quintana Roo to UTC-5
+# specified that it would enter into force on 26 December 1981 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4705667&fecha=23/12/1981&cod_diario=202796
+#
+# In 1982, the decree returning Campeche and Yucatán to UTC-6 specified that
+# it would enter into force on 2 November 1982 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=205689&pagina=3&seccion=0
+#
+# Quintana Roo changed to UTC-6 on 4 January 1983 at 0:00, and again
+# to UTC-5 on 26 October 1997 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4787355&fecha=28/12/1982&cod_diario=206112
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=209559&pagina=15&seccion=0
+#
+# Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas were set to UTC-7 on 1 January
+# 1922, and changed to UTC-6 on 10 June 1927.  Then Durango, Coahuila and
+# Nuevo León (but not Tamaulipas) returned to UTC-7 on 15 November 1930,
+# observed DST in 1931, and changed again to UTC-6 on 1 April 1932....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4441846&fecha=29/12/1921&cod_diario=187468
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4541520&fecha=09/06/1927&cod_diario=193920
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4491963&fecha=15/11/1930&cod_diario=190835
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4418437&fecha=21/01/1932&cod_diario=185588
+#
+# ... the ... 10 June 1927 ... decree only said 10 June 1927, without
+# specifying a time, so I suppose that it should be considered at 0:00.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4541520&fecha=09/06/1927&cod_diario=193920
+#
+# In 1942, the decree changing Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora,
+# Sinaloa and Nayarit to UTC-7 was published on 24 April, but it said that it
+# would apply from 1 April, so it's unclear when the change actually
+# occurred. The database currently shows 24 April 1942.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=192203&pagina=2&seccion=1
+#
+# Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit never used UTC-8.  The ...
+# 14 January 1949 ... change [to UTC-8] only occurred in Baja California.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4515613&fecha=13/01/1949&cod_diario=192309
+#
+# In 1945, the decree changing Baja California to UTC-8 specified that it
+# would take effect on the third day from its publication.
+# It was published on 12 November, so it would take effect on 15 November....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4555049&fecha=12/11/1945&cod_diario=194763
+#
+# In 1948, the decree changing Baja California to UTC-7 specified that it
+# would take effect on "this date".  The decree was made on 13 March,
+# but published on 5 April, so it's unclear when the change actually occurred.
+# The database currently shows 5 April 1948.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?cod_diario=188624&pagina=2&seccion=0
+#
+# In 1949, the decree changing Baja California to UTC-8 was published on 13
+# January, but it said that it would apply from 1 January, so it's unclear when
+# the change actually occurred.  The database currently shows 14 January 1949.
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4515613&fecha=13/01/1949&cod_diario=192309
+#
+# Baja California also observed UTC-7 from 1 May to 24 September 1950,
+# from 29 April to 30 September 1951 at 2:00,
+# and from 27 April to 28 September 1952 at 2:00....
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4600403&fecha=29/04/1950&cod_diario=197505
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4623553&fecha=23/09/1950&cod_diario=198805
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4469444&fecha=27/04/1951&cod_diario=189317
+# https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_to_imagen_fs.php?codnota=4533868&fecha=10/03/1952&cod_diario=193465
+#
+# All changes in Baja California from 1948 to 1952 match those in California,
+# on the same dates or with a difference of one day.
+# So it may be easier to implement these changes as DST with rule CA
+# during this whole period.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2024-08-18):
+# For now, maintain the slightly-different history for Baja California,
+# as we have no information on whether 1948/1952 clocks in Tijuana followed
+# the decrees or followed San Diego.
+
 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
@@ -2599,7 +2666,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # http://puentelibre.mx/noticia/ciudad_juarez_cambio_horario_noviembre_2022/
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mexico	1931	only	-	May	1	23:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mexico	1931	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1931	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
@@ -2618,14 +2685,16 @@ Rule	Mexico	2002	2022	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
-			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
+			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 26  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1983 Jan  4  0:00
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1997 Oct 26  2:00
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2015 Feb  1  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
-			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
-			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
+			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 26  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Nov  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 # This includes the following municipios:
@@ -2642,12 +2711,15 @@ Zone America/Matamoros	-6:30:00 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  6:00u
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
+			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
@@ -2658,7 +2730,7 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 # Práxedis G Guerrero.
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/65/2a022/nov/20221124-VII.pdf
 Zone America/Ciudad_Juarez -7:05:56 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
@@ -2673,7 +2745,7 @@ Zone America/Ciudad_Juarez -7:05:56 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 # Benavides.
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/65/2a022/nov/20221124-VII.pdf
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
@@ -2685,7 +2757,7 @@ Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
@@ -2695,23 +2767,21 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 			-6:00	-	CST
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	-	MST	1996
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit (except Bahía de Banderas), Sinaloa
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	-	MST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
 # Bahía de Banderas
@@ -2744,27 +2814,32 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	-	MST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
 # Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  7:00u
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
+			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 15 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1950 May  1
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1950 Sep 24
+			-8:00	-	PST	1951 Apr 29  2:00
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1951 Sep 30  2:00
+			-8:00	-	PST	1952 Apr 27  2:00
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1952 Sep 28  2:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
@@ -3573,8 +3648,8 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 Jun 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
-			-3:00	-	-03	1987
-			-3:00	Canada	-03/-02
+			-3:00	-	%z	1987
+			-3:00	Canada	%z
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #

make/data/tzdata/southamerica

@@ -1,26 +1,3 @@
-#
-# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
-#
-# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
-# published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
-# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
-# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
-#
-# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
-# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
-# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
-# accompanied this code).
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
-# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
-# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
-#
-# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
-# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
-# questions.
-#
 # tzdb data for South America and environs
 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
@@ -425,11 +402,11 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z
 #
 # Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
@@ -444,120 +421,120 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	       -4:16:48.25
 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z
 #
 # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 13
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 13
+			-3:00	Arg	%z
 #
 # La Rioja (LR)
 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 May  7
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # San Juan (SJ)
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 May  7
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 31
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jul 25
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Jujuy (JY)
 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 28
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar 17
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct  6
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1992
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1990 Mar  4
+			-4:00	-	%z	1990 Oct 28
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1991 Mar 17
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct  6
+			-3:00	1:00	%z	1992
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Mendoza (MZ)
 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1992 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1992 Oct 18
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 23
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Sep 26
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1990 Mar  4
+			-4:00	-	%z	1990 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1992 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1992 Oct 18
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 23
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Sep 26
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
 
@@ -567,53 +544,53 @@ Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	-
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1990 Mar 14
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Jun  1
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Jan 21
-			-4:00	SanLuis	-04/-03	2009 Oct 11
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1990
+			-3:00	1:00	%z	1990 Mar 14
+			-4:00	-	%z	1990 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1991 Jun  1
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 31
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jul 25
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Jan 21
+			-4:00	SanLuis	%z	2009 Oct 11
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 		#STDOFF	-4:16:48.25
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 30
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	%z	2004 May 30
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 			-4:32:36 1:00	BST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	-	%z
 
 # Brazil
 
@@ -984,12 +961,12 @@ Rule	Brazil	2018	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	1990 Sep 17
-			-2:00	-	-02	1999 Sep 30
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2000 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	-02	2001 Sep 13
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2002 Oct  1
-			-2:00	-	-02
+			-2:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-2:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-2:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-2:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-2:00	-	%z
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 # These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 # Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
@@ -1002,119 +979,119 @@ Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 # the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1988 Sep 12
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # west Pará (PA)
 # West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 # Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 22
+			-3:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 15
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 15
+			-3:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Sep 14
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	-03	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2013 Sep
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1995 Sep 14
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	%z	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2013 Sep
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Oct 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1996 Sep  4
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	%z	1995 Oct 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1996 Sep  4
+			-3:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 22
+			-3:00	-	%z	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Bahia (BA)
 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	-03	2011 Oct 16
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	%z	2011 Oct 16
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	-	%z
 #
 # Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1963 Oct 23  0:00
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z	1963 Oct 23  0:00
+			-3:00	1:00	%z	1964
+			-3:00	Brazil	%z
 #
 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z
 #
 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2003 Sep 24
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Oct  1
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	2003 Sep 24
+			-4:00	-	%z	2004 Oct  1
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z
 #
 # Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z
 #
 # Roraima (RR)
 Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	1999 Sep 30
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2000 Oct 15
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z	1999 Sep 30
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	2000 Oct 15
+			-4:00	-	%z
 #
 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	1993 Sep 28
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1994 Sep 22
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	%z	1993 Sep 28
+			-4:00	Brazil	%z	1994 Sep 22
+			-4:00	-	%z
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 #	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	-05	1993 Sep 28
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1994 Sep 22
-			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	-05
+			-5:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	%z	1993 Sep 28
+			-5:00	Brazil	%z	1994 Sep 22
+			-5:00	-	%z	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-4:00	-	%z	2013 Nov 10
+			-5:00	-	%z
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	-05
+			-5:00	Brazil	%z	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	%z	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-4:00	-	%z	2013 Nov 10
+			-5:00	-	%z
 
 # Chile
 
@@ -1269,35 +1246,45 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
 # DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 307 of 2014 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2014-01-30 and published 2014-02-19:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf#page=1
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1059557
 
 # From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
 # Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
 # permanently until March 25 of 2017
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 106 of 2015 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2015-01-27 and published 2015-03-03:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/do-20150303.pdf#page=1
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1075157
 
 # From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
-# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
-# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
+# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette...
 # It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
 # for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
 # this scheme will stick.
-#
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
 # The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
 # to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
 # Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 253 of 2016 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2016-03-16 and published 2016-03-18.
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2016/03/18/do-20160318.pdf#page=1
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1088502
 
 # From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
 # Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
 # http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
+# Decreto 1820 of 2016 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2016-12-02 and published 2017-01-17:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1099217
+# Model this as a change to standard offset effective 2016-12-04.
 
 # From Juan Correa (2018-08-13):
 # As of moments ago, the Ministry of Energy in Chile has announced the new
@@ -1316,13 +1303,20 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029009354001973248
 # "We will keep the new time policy unchanged for at least the next 4 years."
 # So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely.
-# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
+# Decreto 1286 of 2018 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2018-09-21 and published 2018-11-23:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1125760
 
 # From Juan Correa (2022-04-02):
 # I found there was a decree published last Thursday that will keep
-# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely". The decree is available at
+# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely".
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 143 of 2022 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2022-03-29 and published 2022-03-31:
 # https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/03/31/43217-B/01/2108910.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1174342
 
 # From Juan Correa (2022-08-09):
 # the Internal Affairs Ministry (Ministerio del Interior) informed DST
@@ -1331,13 +1325,36 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # will keep UTC -3 "indefinitely"...  This is because on September 4th
 # we will have a voting whether to approve a new Constitution.
 #
-# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2022-08-17):
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Eduardo Romero Urra (2022-08-17):
+# Decreto 224 of 2022 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2022-07-14 and published 2022-08-13:
 # https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/08/13/43327/01/2172567.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1179983
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2022-08-17):
 # Although the presidential decree stops at fall 2026, assume that
 # similar DST rules will continue thereafter.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2025-01-15):
+# Diario Regional Aysén's Sebastián Martel reports that 94% of Aysén
+# citizens polled in November favored changing the rules from
+# -04/-03-with-DST to -03 all year...
+# https://www.diarioregionalaysen.cl/noticia/actualidad/2024/12/presentan-decision-que-gano-la-votacion-sobre-el-cambio-del-huso-horario-en-aysen
+#
+# From Yonathan Dossow (2025-03-20):
+# [T]oday we have more confirmation of the change.  [Aysén] region will keep
+# UTC-3 all year...
+# https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/region-de-aysen-mantendra-horario-de-verano-todo-el-ano_20250320/
+# https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/tras-consulta-ciudadana-region-de-aysen-mantendra-el-horario-de-verano-durante-todo-el-ano/
+# https://x.com/min_interior/status/1902692504270672098
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Eduardo Romero Urra (2025-03-20):
+# Decreto 93 of 2025 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2025-03-11 and published 2025-03-20:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2025/03/20/44104/01/2624263.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1211955
+# Model this as a change to standard offset effective 2025-03-20.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1382,36 +1399,50 @@ Rule	Chile	2023	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:45 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Jul 14 24:00
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL
-			-5:00	1:00	-04	1947 Mar 31 24:00
-			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03
+			-5:00	Chile	%z	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1946 Jul 14 24:00
+			-4:00	1:00	%z	1946 Aug 28 24:00 # central CL
+			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
+			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	%z
+Zone America/Coyhaique	-4:48:16 -	LMT	1890
+			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
+			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1
+			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
+			-4:00	-	%z	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
+			-5:00	Chile	%z	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1946 Aug 28 24:00
+			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
+			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	%z	2025 Mar 20
+			-3:00	-	%z
 Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
-			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Aug 28 24:00
-			-5:00	1:00	-04	1947 Mar 31 24:00
-			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-5:00	Chile	%z	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1946 Aug 28 24:00
+			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
+			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	%z	2016 Dec  4
+			-3:00	-	%z
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	-07/-06	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	-06/-05
+			-7:00	Chile	%z	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
+			-6:00	Chile	%z
 #
 # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
@@ -1431,10 +1462,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 #
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	Arg	%z	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	%z	1982 May
+			-4:00	Chile	%z	2016 Dec  4
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Colombia
 
@@ -1453,7 +1484,7 @@ Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Feb	 6	24:00	0	-
 		#STDOFF	-4:56:16.4
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-			-5:00	CO	-05/-04
+			-5:00	CO	%z
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
@@ -1484,10 +1515,10 @@ Rule	Ecuador	1993	only	-	Feb	 5	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	Ecuador	-05/-04
+			-5:00	Ecuador	%z
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-			-5:00	-	-05	1986
-			-6:00	Ecuador	-06/-05
+			-5:00	-	%z	1986
+			-6:00	Ecuador	%z
 
 # Falklands
 
@@ -1587,10 +1618,10 @@ Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	1983 May
-			-3:00	Falk	-03/-02	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	2010 Sep  5  2:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	Falk	%z	1983 May
+			-3:00	Falk	%z	1985 Sep 15
+			-4:00	Falk	%z	2010 Sep  5  2:00
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # French Guiana
 # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see:
@@ -1598,8 +1629,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 # page 752, 18b.
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1967 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1967 Oct
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Guyana
 
@@ -1633,10 +1664,10 @@ Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:39 -	LMT	1911 Aug  1 # Georgetown
-			-4:00	-	-04	1915 Mar  1
-			-3:45	-	-0345	1975 Aug  1
-			-3:00	-	-03	1992 Mar 29  1:00
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:00	-	%z	1915 Mar  1
+			-3:45	-	%z	1975 Aug  1
+			-3:00	-	%z	1992 Mar 29  1:00
+			-4:00	-	%z
 
 # Paraguay
 #
@@ -1710,7 +1741,7 @@ Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
 # forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
 # ...
-Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Para	2010	2024	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
@@ -1729,14 +1760,35 @@ Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # https://www.abc.com.py/politica/2023/07/12/promulgacion-el-cambio-de-hora-sera-por-ley/
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2023-07-27):
 # http://silpy.congreso.gov.py/descarga/ley-144138
-Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	2013	2024	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
+#
+# From Heitor David Pinto (2024-09-24):
+# Today the Congress of Paraguay passed a bill to observe UTC-3 permanently....
+# The text of the bill says that it would enter into force on the first
+# Sunday in October 2024, the same date currently scheduled to start DST....
+# https://silpy.congreso.gov.py/web/expediente/132531
+# (2024-10-14):
+# The president approved the law on 11 October 2024,
+# and it was officially published on 14 October 2024.
+# https://www.gacetaoficial.gov.py/index/detalle_publicacion/89723
+# The text of the law says that it enters into force on the first
+# Sunday in October 2024 (6 October 2024).  But the constitution
+# prohibits retroactive effect, and the civil code says that laws
+# enter into force on the day after their publication or on the day
+# that they specify, and it also says that they don't have retroactive
+# effect.  So I think that the time change on 6 October 2024 should
+# still be considered as DST according to the previous law, and
+# permanently UTC-3 from 15 October 2024 according to the new law....
+# https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011
+# https://www.oas.org/dil/esp/codigo_civil_paraguay.pdf
 
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	-04	1972 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03	1974 Apr
-			-4:00	Para	-04/-03
+			-4:00	-	%z	1972 Oct
+			-3:00	-	%z	1974 Apr
+			-4:00	Para	%z	2024 Oct 15
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Peru
 #
@@ -1763,12 +1815,12 @@ Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
-			-5:00	Peru	-05/-04
+			-5:00	Peru	%z
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
-			-2:00	-	-02
+			-2:00	-	%z
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
@@ -1778,8 +1830,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
-			-3:30	-	-0330	1984 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03
+			-3:30	-	%z	1984 Oct
+			-3:00	-	%z
 
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
@@ -1994,15 +2046,15 @@ Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	-
 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:51 -	LMT	1908 Jun 10
 			-3:44:51 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
-			-4:00	-	-04	1923 Oct  1
-			-3:30	Uruguay	-0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1960
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1968
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1970
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1974
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0130 1974 Mar 10
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02
+			-4:00	-	%z	1923 Oct  1
+			-3:30	Uruguay	%z	1942 Dec 14
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1960
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1968
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1970
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1974
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1974 Mar 10
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z	1974 Dec 22
+			-3:00	Uruguay	%z
 
 # Venezuela
 #
@@ -2036,7 +2088,7 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:51 -	LMT	1908 Jun 10
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-			-4:30	-	-0430	1965 Jan  1  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	-0430	2016 May  1  2:30
-			-4:00	-	-04
+			-4:30	-	%z	1965 Jan  1  0:00
+			-4:00	-	%z	2007 Dec  9  3:00
+			-4:30	-	%z	2016 May  1  2:30
+			-4:00	-	%z

make/data/tzdata/zone.tab

@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most of Chile
-CL	-5309-07055	America/Punta_Arenas	Region of Magallanes
+CL	-4534-07204	America/Coyhaique	Aysen Region
+CL	-5309-07055	America/Punta_Arenas	Magallanes Region
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
@@ -287,8 +288,7 @@ MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
 MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most of Mongolia
-MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
-MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgii, Hovd, Uvs
 MO	+221150+1133230	Asia/Macau
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
 PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most of Papua New Guinea
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
-PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
+PH	+143512+1205804	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon

make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/tzdb/TzdbZoneRulesCompiler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2012, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public final class TzdbZoneRulesCompiler {
             // link version-region-rules
             out.writeShort(builtZones.size());
             for (Map.Entry<String, ZoneRules> entry : builtZones.entrySet()) {
-                 int regionIndex = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, entry.getKey());
+                 int regionIndex = findRegionIndex(regionArray, entry.getKey());
                  int rulesIndex = rulesList.indexOf(entry.getValue());
                  out.writeShort(regionIndex);
                  out.writeShort(rulesIndex);
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@ public final class TzdbZoneRulesCompiler {
             // alias-region
             out.writeShort(links.size());
             for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : links.entrySet()) {
-                 int aliasIndex = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, entry.getKey());
-                 int regionIndex = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, entry.getValue());
+                 int aliasIndex = findRegionIndex(regionArray, entry.getKey());
+                 int regionIndex = findRegionIndex(regionArray, entry.getValue());
                  out.writeShort(aliasIndex);
                  out.writeShort(regionIndex);
             }
@@ -294,6 +294,14 @@ public final class TzdbZoneRulesCompiler {
         }
     }
 
+    private static int findRegionIndex(String[] regionArray, String region) {
+        int index = Arrays.binarySearch(regionArray, region);
+        if (index < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown region: " + region);
+        }
+        return index;
+    }
+
     /** Whether to output verbose messages. */
     private boolean verbose;
 

make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/tzdb/TzdbZoneRulesProvider.java

@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
                         }
                         continue;
                     }
-                    if (line.startsWith("Zone")) {        // parse Zone line
+                    int token0len = tokens.length > 0 ? tokens[0].length() : line.length();
+                    if (line.regionMatches(true, 0, "Zone", 0, token0len)) {        // parse Zone line
                         String name = tokens[1];
                         if (excludedZones.contains(name)){
                             continue;
@@ -181,13 +182,13 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
                         if (zLine.parse(tokens, 2)) {
                             openZone = null;
                         }
-                    } else if (line.startsWith("Rule")) { // parse Rule line
+                    } else if (line.regionMatches(true, 0, "Rule", 0, token0len)) { // parse Rule line
                         String name = tokens[1];
                         if (!rules.containsKey(name)) {
                             rules.put(name, new ArrayList<RuleLine>(10));
                         }
                         rules.get(name).add(new RuleLine().parse(tokens));
-                    } else if (line.startsWith("Link")) { // parse link line
+                    } else if (line.regionMatches(true, 0, "Link", 0, token0len)) { // parse link line
                         if (tokens.length >= 3) {
                             String realId = tokens[1];
                             String aliasId = tokens[2];
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
             month = parseMonth(tokens[off++]);
             if (off < tokens.length) {
                 String dayRule = tokens[off++];
-                if (dayRule.startsWith("last")) {
+                if (dayRule.regionMatches(true, 0, "last", 0, 4)) {
                     dayOfMonth = -1;
                     dayOfWeek = parseDayOfWeek(dayRule.substring(4));
                     adjustForwards = false;
@@ -354,11 +355,12 @@ class TzdbZoneRulesProvider {
         }
 
         int parseYear(String year, int defaultYear) {
-            switch (year.toLowerCase()) {
-            case "min":  return 1900;
-            case "max":  return Year.MAX_VALUE;
-            case "only": return defaultYear;
-            }
+            int len = year.length();
+
+            if (year.regionMatches(true, 0, "minimum", 0, len)) return 1900;
+            if (year.regionMatches(true, 0, "maximum", 0, len)) return Year.MAX_VALUE;
+            if (year.regionMatches(true, 0, "only", 0, len)) return defaultYear;
+
             return Integer.parseInt(year);
         }
 

make/lib/Awt2dLibraries.gmk

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ $(eval $(call SetupJdkLibrary, BUILD_LIBLCMS, \
         common/awt/debug \
         libawt/java2d, \
     HEADERS_FROM_SRC := $(LIBLCMS_HEADERS_FROM_SRC), \
-    DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := format-nonliteral type-limits misleading-indentation stringop-truncation, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := format-nonliteral misleading-indentation stringop-truncation, \
     DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := tautological-compare, \
     DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio := E_STATEMENT_NOT_REACHED, \
     DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := 4819, \
@@ -556,7 +556,10 @@ else
     HARFBUZZ_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_SOLARIS_ATOMIC_OPS
   endif
   # hb-ft.cc is not presently needed, and requires freetype 2.4.2 or later.
-  LIBFONTMANAGER_EXCLUDE_FILES += libharfbuzz/hb-ft.cc
+  # hb-subset and hb-style APIs are not needed, excluded to cut on compilation time.
+  LIBFONTMANAGER_EXCLUDE_FILES += hb-ft.cc hb-subset-cff-common.cc \
+      hb-subset-cff1.cc hb-subset-cff2.cc hb-subset-input.cc hb-subset-plan.cc \
+      hb-subset.cc hb-subset-instancer-solver.cc gsubgpos-context.cc hb-style.cc
 
    # list of disabled warnings and the compilers for which it was specifically added.
    # array-bounds         -> GCC 12 on Alpine Linux
@@ -564,7 +567,7 @@ else
    # range-loop-analysis  -> clang on Xcode12
 
   HARFBUZZ_DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := type-limits missing-field-initializers strict-aliasing \
-       array-bounds
+       array-bounds dangling-pointer
   # noexcept-type required for GCC 7 builds. Not required for GCC 8+.
   # expansion-to-defined required for GCC 9 builds. Not required for GCC 10+.
   HARFBUZZ_DISABLED_WARNINGS_CXX_gcc := reorder delete-non-virtual-dtor strict-overflow \
@@ -887,9 +890,10 @@ ifeq ($(ENABLE_HEADLESS_ONLY), false)
           $(GIFLIB_CFLAGS) $(LIBJPEG_CFLAGS) $(PNG_CFLAGS) $(LIBZ_CFLAGS), \
       EXTRA_HEADER_DIRS := $(LIBSPLASHSCREEN_HEADER_DIRS), \
       DISABLED_WARNINGS_gcc := sign-compare type-limits unused-result \
-          maybe-uninitialized shift-negative-value implicit-fallthrough, \
+          maybe-uninitialized shift-negative-value implicit-fallthrough  \
+          unused-function, \
       DISABLED_WARNINGS_clang := incompatible-pointer-types deprecated-declarations \
-          $(LIBZ_DISABLED_WARNINGS_CLANG), \
+          unused-function $(LIBZ_DISABLED_WARNINGS_CLANG), \
       DISABLED_WARNINGS_solstudio := E_NEWLINE_NOT_LAST E_DECLARATION_IN_CODE \
           E_STATEMENT_NOT_REACHED, \
       DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft := 4018 4244 4267, \

make/lib/Lib-jdk.jdwp.agent.gmk

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ $(eval $(call SetupJdkLibrary, BUILD_LIBJDWP, \
     NAME := jdwp, \
     OPTIMIZATION := LOW, \
     CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS_JDKLIB) -DJDWP_LOGGING, \
+    DISABLED_WARNINGS_microsoft_debugInit.c := 5287, \
     EXTRA_HEADER_DIRS := \
       include \
       libjdwp/export, \

src/hotspot/cpu/aarch64/frame_aarch64.cpp

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ bool frame::safe_for_sender(JavaThread *thread) {
   // So unextended sp must be within the stack but we need not to check
   // that unextended sp >= sp
 
-  bool unextended_sp_safe = (unextended_sp < thread->stack_base());
+  bool unextended_sp_safe = (unextended_sp < thread->stack_base() && unextended_sp >= thread->stack_end());
 
   if (!unextended_sp_safe) {
     return false;

src/hotspot/os/linux/cgroupV1Subsystem_linux.cpp

@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ void CgroupV1Subsystem::print_version_specific_info(outputStream* st) {
   jlong kmem_limit = kernel_memory_limit_in_bytes();
   jlong kmem_max_usage = kernel_memory_max_usage_in_bytes();
 
+  OSContainer::print_container_helper(st, kmem_limit, "kernel_memory_limit_in_bytes");
   OSContainer::print_container_helper(st, kmem_usage, "kernel_memory_usage_in_bytes");
-  OSContainer::print_container_helper(st, kmem_limit, "kernel_memory_max_usage_in_bytes");
-  OSContainer::print_container_helper(st, kmem_max_usage, "kernel_memory_limit_in_bytes");
+  OSContainer::print_container_helper(st, kmem_max_usage, "kernel_memory_max_usage_in_bytes");
 }
 
 char * CgroupV1Subsystem::cpu_cpuset_cpus() {

src/hotspot/os/windows/os_windows.cpp

@@ -1741,7 +1741,10 @@ void os::win32::print_windows_version(outputStream* st) {
       // - 2016 GA 10/2016 build: 14393
       // - 2019 GA 11/2018 build: 17763
       // - 2022 GA 08/2021 build: 20348
-      if (build_number > 20347) {
+      // - 2025 Preview build   : 26040
+      if (build_number > 26039) {
+        st->print("Server 2025");
+      } else if (build_number > 20347) {
         st->print("Server 2022");
       } else if (build_number > 17762) {
         st->print("Server 2019");

src/hotspot/share/asm/codeBuffer.cpp

@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ CodeString* CodeStrings::find(intptr_t offset) const {
 // Convenience for add_comment.
 CodeString* CodeStrings::find_last(intptr_t offset) const {
   CodeString* a = _strings_last;
-  while (a != NULL && !a->is_comment() && a->offset() > offset) {
+  while (a != NULL && !(a->is_comment() && a->offset() == offset)) {
     a = a->_prev;
   }
   return a;

src/hotspot/share/classfile/classLoaderData.cpp

@@ -614,6 +614,21 @@ void ClassLoaderData::unload() {
   // after erroneous classes are released.
   classes_do(InstanceKlass::notify_unload_class);
 
+  // Method::clear_jmethod_ids only sets the jmethod_ids to NULL without
+  // releasing the memory for related JNIMethodBlocks and JNIMethodBlockNodes.
+  // This is done intentionally because native code (e.g. JVMTI agent) holding
+  // jmethod_ids may access them after the associated classes and class loader
+  // are unloaded. The Java Native Interface Specification says "method ID
+  // does not prevent the VM from unloading the class from which the ID has
+  // been derived. After the class is unloaded, the method or field ID becomes
+  // invalid". In real world usages, the native code may rely on jmethod_ids
+  // being NULL after class unloading. Hence, it is unsafe to free the memory
+  // from the VM side without knowing when native code is going to stop using
+  // them.
+  if (_jmethod_ids != NULL) {
+    Method::clear_jmethod_ids(this);
+  }
+
   // Clean up global class iterator for compiler
   static_klass_iterator.adjust_saved_class(this);
 }
@@ -749,15 +764,6 @@ ClassLoaderData::~ClassLoaderData() {
     _metaspace = NULL;
     delete m;
   }
-  // Clear all the JNI handles for methods
-  // These aren't deallocated and are going to look like a leak, but that's
-  // needed because we can't really get rid of jmethodIDs because we don't
-  // know when native code is going to stop using them.  The spec says that
-  // they're "invalid" but existing programs likely rely on their being
-  // NULL after class unloading.
-  if (_jmethod_ids != NULL) {
-    Method::clear_jmethod_ids(this);
-  }
   // Delete lock
   delete _metaspace_lock;
 

src/hotspot/share/classfile/classLoaderData.hpp

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class ClassLoaderData : public CHeapObj<mtClass> {
   bool keep_alive() const       { return _keep_alive > 0; }
 
   oop holder_phantom() const;
-  void classes_do(void f(Klass*));
+  void classes_do(void f(Klass* const));
   void loaded_classes_do(KlassClosure* klass_closure);
   void classes_do(void f(InstanceKlass*));
   void methods_do(void f(Method*));

src/hotspot/share/oops/method.cpp

@@ -2191,10 +2191,15 @@ bool Method::is_method_id(jmethodID mid) {
 Method* Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmethodID mid) {
   if (mid == NULL) return NULL;
   Method* o = resolve_jmethod_id(mid);
-  if (o == NULL || o == JNIMethodBlock::_free_method || !((Metadata*)o)->is_method()) {
+  if (o == NULL || o == JNIMethodBlock::_free_method) {
     return NULL;
   }
-  return o;
+  // Method should otherwise be valid. Assert for testing.
+  assert(is_valid_method(o), "should be valid jmethodid");
+  // If the method's class holder object is unreferenced, but not yet marked as
+  // unloaded, we need to return NULL here too because after a safepoint, its memory
+  // will be reclaimed.
+  return o->method_holder()->is_loader_alive() ? o : NULL;
 };
 
 void Method::set_on_stack(const bool value) {

src/hotspot/share/opto/addnode.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -941,6 +941,14 @@ static bool can_overflow(const TypeInt* t, jint c) {
           (c > 0 && (java_add(t_hi, c) < t_hi)));
 }
 
+// Check if addition of a long with type 't' and a constant 'c' can overflow.
+static bool can_overflow(const TypeLong* t, jlong c) {
+  jlong t_lo = t->_lo;
+  jlong t_hi = t->_hi;
+  return ((c < 0 && (java_add(t_lo, c) > t_lo)) ||
+          (c > 0 && (java_add(t_hi, c) < t_hi)));
+}
+
 //=============================================================================
 //------------------------------Idealize---------------------------------------
 // MINs show up in range-check loop limit calculations.  Look for
@@ -1062,6 +1070,31 @@ const Type *MinINode::add_ring( const Type *t0, const Type *t1 ) const {
 //
 // Note: we assume that SubL was already replaced by an AddL, and that the stride
 // has its sign flipped: SubL(limit, stride) -> AddL(limit, -stride).
+//
+// Proof MaxL collapsed version equivalent to original (MinL version similar):
+// is_sub_con ensures that con1, con2 ∈ [min_int, 0[
+//
+// Original:
+// - AddL2 underflow => x + con2 ∈ ]max_long - min_int, max_long], ALWAYS BAILOUT as x + con1 + con2 surely fails can_overflow (*)
+// - AddL2 no underflow => x + con2 ∈ [min_long, max_long]
+//   - MaxL2 clamp => min_int
+//     - AddL1 underflow: NOT POSSIBLE: cannot underflow since min_int + con1 ∈ [2 * min_int, min_int] always > min_long
+//     - AddL1 no underflow => min_int + con1 ∈ [2 * min_int, min_int]
+//       - MaxL1 clamp => min_int (RESULT 1)
+//       - MaxL1 no clamp: NOT POSSIBLE: min_int + con1 ∈ [2 * min_int, min_int] always <= min_int, so clamp always taken
+//   - MaxL2 no clamp => x + con2 ∈ [min_int, max_long]
+//     - AddL1 underflow: NOT POSSIBLE: cannot underflow since x + con2 + con1 ∈ [2 * min_int, max_long] always > min_long
+//     - AddL1 no underflow => x + con2 + con1 ∈ [2 * min_int, max_long]
+//       - MaxL1 clamp => min_int (RESULT 2)
+//       - MaxL1 no clamp => x + con2 + con1 ∈ ]min_int, max_long] (RESULT 3)
+//
+// Collapsed:
+// - AddL2 (cannot underflow) => con2 + con1 ∈ [2 * min_int, 0]
+//   - AddL1 underflow: NOT POSSIBLE: would have bailed out at can_overflow (*)
+//   - AddL1 no underflow => x + con2 + con1 ∈ [min_long, max_long]
+//     - MaxL clamp => min_int (RESULT 1 and RESULT 2)
+//     - MaxL no clamp => x + con2 + con1 ∈ ]min_int, max_long] (RESULT 3)
+//
 static bool is_clamp(PhaseGVN* phase, Node* n, Node* c) {
   // Check that the two clamps have the correct values.
   jlong clamp = (n->Opcode() == Op_MaxL) ? min_jint : max_jint;
@@ -1093,6 +1126,10 @@ Node* fold_subI_no_underflow_pattern(Node* n, PhaseGVN* phase) {
         Node* x    = add2->in(1);
         Node* con2 = add2->in(2);
         if (is_sub_con(phase, n, con2)) {
+          // Collapsed graph not equivalent if potential over/underflow -> bailing out (*)
+          if (can_overflow(phase->type(x)->is_long(), con1->get_long() + con2->get_long())) {
+            return NULL;
+          }
           Node* new_con = phase->transform(new AddLNode(con1, con2));
           Node* new_sub = phase->transform(new AddLNode(x, new_con));
           n->set_req_X(1, new_sub, phase);

src/hotspot/share/opto/node.hpp

@@ -1455,8 +1455,8 @@ Node* Node::last_out(DUIterator_Last& i) const {
 class SimpleDUIterator : public StackObj {
  private:
   Node* node;
-  DUIterator_Fast i;
   DUIterator_Fast imax;
+  DUIterator_Fast i;
  public:
   SimpleDUIterator(Node* n): node(n), i(n->fast_outs(imax)) {}
   bool has_next() { return i < imax; }

src/hotspot/share/opto/subnode.cpp

@@ -1489,44 +1489,86 @@ Node *BoolNode::Ideal(PhaseGVN *phase, bool can_reshape) {
     return new BoolNode( ncmp, _test.negate() );
   }
 
-  // Change ((x & m) u<= m) or ((m & x) u<= m) to always true
-  // Same with ((x & m) u< m+1) and ((m & x) u< m+1)
+  // We use the following Lemmas/insights for the following two transformations (1) and (2):
+  //   x & y <=u y, for any x and y           (Lemma 1, masking always results in a smaller unsigned number)
+  //   y <u y + 1 is always true if y != -1   (Lemma 2, (uint)(-1 + 1) == (uint)(UINT_MAX + 1) which overflows)
+  //   y <u 0 is always false for any y       (Lemma 3, 0 == UINT_MIN and nothing can be smaller than that)
+  //
+  // (1a) Always:     Change ((x & m) <=u m  ) or ((m & x) <=u m  ) to always true   (true by Lemma 1)
+  // (1b) If m != -1: Change ((x & m) <u  m + 1) or ((m & x) <u  m + 1) to always true:
+  //    x & m <=u m          is always true   // (Lemma 1)
+  //    x & m <=u m <u m + 1 is always true   // (Lemma 2: m <u m + 1, if m != -1)
+  //
+  // A counter example for (1b), if we allowed m == -1:
+  //     (x & m)  <u m + 1
+  //     (x & -1) <u 0
+  //      x       <u 0
+  //   which is false for any x (Lemma 3)
   if (cop == Op_CmpU &&
       cmp1_op == Op_AndI) {
-    Node* bound = NULL;
+    Node* m = NULL;
     if (_test._test == BoolTest::le) {
-      bound = cmp2;
+      // (1a) "((x & m) <=u m)", cmp2 = m
+      m = cmp2;
     } else if (_test._test == BoolTest::lt &&
                cmp2->Opcode() == Op_AddI &&
                cmp2->in(2)->find_int_con(0) == 1) {
-      bound = cmp2->in(1);
+      // (1b) "(x & m) <u m + 1" and "(m & x) <u m + 1", cmp2 = m + 1
+      Node* rhs_m = cmp2->in(1);
+      const TypeInt* rhs_m_type = phase->type(rhs_m)->isa_int();
+      if (rhs_m_type->_lo > -1 || rhs_m_type->_hi < -1) {
+        // Exclude any case where m == -1 is possible.
+        m = rhs_m;
+      }
     }
-    if (cmp1->in(2) == bound || cmp1->in(1) == bound) {
+    if (cmp1->in(2) == m || cmp1->in(1) == m) {
       return ConINode::make(1);
     }
   }
 
-  // Change ((x & (m - 1)) u< m) into (m > 0)
-  // This is the off-by-one variant of the above
+  // (2) Change ((x & (m - 1)) <u m) or (((m - 1) & x) <u m) to (m >u 0)
+  // This is the off-by-one variant of the above.
+  //
+  // We now prove that this replacement is correct. This is the same as proving
+  //   "m >u 0" if and only if "x & (m - 1) <u m", i.e. "m >u 0 <=> x & (m - 1) <u m"
+  //
+  // We use (Lemma 1) and (Lemma 3) from above.
+  //
+  // Case "x & (m - 1) <u m => m >u 0":
+  //   We prove this by contradiction:
+  //     Assume m <=u 0 which is equivalent to m == 0:
+  //   and thus
+  //     x & (m - 1) <u m = 0               // m == 0
+  //     y           <u     0               // y = x & (m - 1)
+  //   by Lemma 3, this is always false, i.e. a contradiction to our assumption.
+  //
+  // Case "m >u 0 => x & (m - 1) <u m":
+  //   x & (m - 1) <=u (m - 1)              // (Lemma 1)
+  //   x & (m - 1) <=u (m - 1) <u m         // Using assumption m >u 0, no underflow of "m - 1"
+  //
+  //
+  // Note that the signed version of "m > 0":
+  //   m > 0 <=> x & (m - 1) <u m
+  // does not hold:
+  //   Assume m == -1 and x == -1:
+  //     x  & (m - 1) <u m
+  //     -1 & -2      <u -1
+  //     -2           <u -1
+  //     UINT_MAX - 1 <u UINT_MAX           // Signed to unsigned numbers
+  // which is true while
+  //   m > 0
+  // is false which is a contradiction.
   if (cop == Op_CmpU &&
       _test._test == BoolTest::lt &&
       cmp1_op == Op_AndI) {
-    Node* l = cmp1->in(1);
-    Node* r = cmp1->in(2);
-    for (int repeat = 0; repeat < 2; repeat++) {
-      bool match = r->Opcode() == Op_AddI && r->in(2)->find_int_con(0) == -1 &&
-                   r->in(1) == cmp2;
-      if (match) {
-        // arraylength known to be non-negative, so a (arraylength != 0) is sufficient,
-        // but to be compatible with the array range check pattern, use (arraylength u> 0)
-        Node* ncmp = cmp2->Opcode() == Op_LoadRange
-                     ? phase->transform(new CmpUNode(cmp2, phase->intcon(0)))
-                     : phase->transform(new CmpINode(cmp2, phase->intcon(0)));
-        return new BoolNode(ncmp, BoolTest::gt);
-      } else {
-        // commute and try again
-        l = cmp1->in(2);
-        r = cmp1->in(1);
+    Node* m = cmp2; // RHS: m
+    for (int add_idx = 1; add_idx <= 2; add_idx++) { // LHS: "(m + (-1)) & x" or "x & (m + (-1))"?
+      Node* maybe_m_minus_1 = cmp1->in(add_idx);
+      if (maybe_m_minus_1->Opcode() == Op_AddI &&
+          maybe_m_minus_1->in(2)->find_int_con(0) == -1 &&
+          maybe_m_minus_1->in(1) == m) {
+        Node* m_cmpu_0 = phase->transform(new CmpUNode(m, phase->intcon(0)));
+        return new BoolNode(m_cmpu_0, BoolTest::gt);
       }
     }
   }

src/hotspot/share/prims/jvmtiExport.cpp

@@ -2284,13 +2284,17 @@ void JvmtiExport::post_dynamic_code_generated_while_holding_locks(const char* na
                                                                   address code_begin, address code_end)
 {
   // register the stub with the current dynamic code event collector
-  JvmtiThreadState* state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(JavaThread::current());
-  // state can only be NULL if the current thread is exiting which
-  // should not happen since we're trying to post an event
-  guarantee(state != NULL, "attempt to register stub via an exiting thread");
-  JvmtiDynamicCodeEventCollector* collector = state->get_dynamic_code_event_collector();
-  guarantee(collector != NULL, "attempt to register stub without event collector");
-  collector->register_stub(name, code_begin, code_end);
+  // Cannot take safepoint here so do not use state_for to get
+  // jvmti thread state.
+  // The collector and/or state might be NULL if JvmtiDynamicCodeEventCollector
+  // has been initialized while JVMTI_EVENT_DYNAMIC_CODE_GENERATED was disabled.
+  JvmtiThreadState* state = JavaThread::current()->jvmti_thread_state();
+  if (state != NULL) {
+    JvmtiDynamicCodeEventCollector *collector = state->get_dynamic_code_event_collector();
+    if (collector != NULL) {
+      collector->register_stub(name, code_begin, code_end);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 // Collect all the vm internally allocated objects which are visible to java world

src/java.base/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/RSACipher.java

@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ public final class RSACipher extends CipherSpi {
                 byte[] decryptBuffer = RSACore.convert(buffer, 0, bufOfs);
                 paddingCopy = RSACore.rsa(decryptBuffer, privateKey, false);
                 result = padding.unpad(paddingCopy);
-                if (result == null && !forTlsPremasterSecret) {
+                if (!forTlsPremasterSecret && result == null) {
                     throw new BadPaddingException
                             ("Padding error in decryption");
                 }
@@ -404,6 +404,34 @@ public final class RSACipher extends CipherSpi {
         }
     }
 
+    // TLS master secret decode version of the doFinal() method.
+    private byte[] doFinalForTls(int clientVersion, int serverVersion)
+            throws BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException {
+        if (bufOfs > buffer.length) {
+            throw new IllegalBlockSizeException("Data must not be longer "
+                    + "than " + buffer.length + " bytes");
+        }
+        byte[] paddingCopy = null;
+        byte[] result = null;
+        try {
+            byte[] decryptBuffer = RSACore.convert(buffer, 0, bufOfs);
+
+            paddingCopy = RSACore.rsa(decryptBuffer, privateKey, false);
+            result = padding.unpadForTls(paddingCopy, clientVersion,
+                    serverVersion);
+
+            return result;
+        } finally {
+            Arrays.fill(buffer, 0, bufOfs, (byte)0);
+            bufOfs = 0;
+            if (paddingCopy != null
+                    && paddingCopy != buffer    // already cleaned
+                    && paddingCopy != result) { // DO NOT CLEAN, THIS IS RESULT
+                Arrays.fill(paddingCopy, (byte)0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // see JCE spec
     protected byte[] engineUpdate(byte[] in, int inOfs, int inLen) {
         update(in, inOfs, inLen);
@@ -476,38 +504,34 @@ public final class RSACipher extends CipherSpi {
         byte[] encoded = null;
 
         update(wrappedKey, 0, wrappedKey.length);
-        try {
-            encoded = doFinal();
-        } catch (BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
-            // BadPaddingException cannot happen for TLS RSA unwrap.
-            // In that case, padding error is indicated by returning null.
-            // IllegalBlockSizeException cannot happen in any case,
-            // because of the length check above.
-            throw new InvalidKeyException("Unwrapping failed", e);
-        }
-
         try {
             if (isTlsRsaPremasterSecret) {
                 if (!forTlsPremasterSecret) {
                     throw new IllegalStateException(
                             "No TlsRsaPremasterSecretParameterSpec specified");
                 }
-
-                // polish the TLS premaster secret
-                encoded = KeyUtil.checkTlsPreMasterSecretKey(
-                        ((TlsRsaPremasterSecretParameterSpec) spec).getClientVersion(),
-                        ((TlsRsaPremasterSecretParameterSpec) spec).getServerVersion(),
-                        random, encoded, encoded == null);
+                TlsRsaPremasterSecretParameterSpec parameterSpec =
+                        (TlsRsaPremasterSecretParameterSpec) spec;
+                encoded = doFinalForTls(parameterSpec.getClientVersion(),
+                        parameterSpec.getServerVersion());
+            } else {
+                encoded = doFinal();
             }
-
             return ConstructKeys.constructKey(encoded, algorithm, type);
+
+        } catch (BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
+            // BadPaddingException cannot happen for TLS RSA unwrap.
+            // Neither padding error nor server version error is indicated
+            // for TLS, but a fake unwrapped value is returned.
+            // IllegalBlockSizeException cannot happen in any case,
+            // because of the length check above.
+            throw new InvalidKeyException("Unwrapping failed", e);
         } finally {
             if (encoded != null) {
                 Arrays.fill(encoded, (byte) 0);
             }
         }
     }
-
     // see JCE spec
     protected int engineGetKeySize(Key key) throws InvalidKeyException {
         RSAKey rsaKey = RSAKeyFactory.toRSAKey(key);

src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/jar/JarFile.java

@@ -424,7 +424,8 @@ class JarFile extends ZipFile {
                             jv = new JarVerifier(manEntry.getName(), b);
                         } else {
                             if (JarVerifier.debug != null) {
-                                JarVerifier.debug.println("Multiple MANIFEST.MF found. Treat JAR file as unsigned");
+                                JarVerifier.debug.println(
+                                        JarVerifier.MULTIPLE_MANIFEST_WARNING);
                             }
                         }
                     }

src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/jar/JarInputStream.java

@@ -98,7 +98,17 @@ class JarInputStream extends ZipInputStream {
                 jv = new JarVerifier(e.getName(), bytes);
                 mev = new ManifestEntryVerifier(man, jv.manifestName);
             }
-            return (JarEntry)super.getNextEntry();
+            JarEntry nextEntry = (JarEntry)super.getNextEntry();
+            if (nextEntry != null &&
+                    JarFile.MANIFEST_NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(nextEntry.getName())) {
+                if (JarVerifier.debug != null) {
+                    JarVerifier.debug.println(JarVerifier.MULTIPLE_MANIFEST_WARNING);
+                }
+
+                jv = null;
+                mev = null;
+            }
+            return nextEntry;
         }
         return e;
     }

src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/jar/JarVerifier.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ import sun.security.util.Debug;
  */
 class JarVerifier {
 
+    public static final String MULTIPLE_MANIFEST_WARNING =
+            "WARNING: Multiple MANIFEST.MF found. Treat JAR file as unsigned.";
+
     /* Are we debugging ? */
     static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("jar");
 

src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/zip/DeflaterOutputStream.java

@@ -41,6 +41,26 @@ import java.io.IOException;
  */
 public
 class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
+
+    /*
+     * The default size of the output buffer
+     */
+    static final int DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE = 512;
+
+    /*
+     * When calling Deflater.deflate() with Deflater.SYNC_FLUSH or Deflater.FULL_FLUSH,
+     * the callers are expected to ensure that the size of the buffer is greater than 6.
+     * This expectation comes from the underlying zlib library which in its zlib.h
+     * states:
+     * "If deflate returns with avail_out == 0, this function must be called again
+     * with the same value of the flush parameter and more output space (updated
+     * avail_out), until the flush is complete (deflate returns with non-zero
+     * avail_out). In the case of a Z_FULL_FLUSH or Z_SYNC_FLUSH, make sure that
+     * avail_out is greater than six when the flush marker begins, in order to avoid
+     * repeated flush markers upon calling deflate() again when avail_out == 0."
+     */
+    private static final int SYNC_FLUSH_MIN_BUF_SIZE = 7;
+
     /**
      * Compressor for this stream.
      */
@@ -124,7 +144,7 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
     public DeflaterOutputStream(OutputStream out,
                                 Deflater def,
                                 boolean syncFlush) {
-        this(out, def, 512, syncFlush);
+        this(out, def, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, syncFlush);
     }
 
 
@@ -139,7 +159,7 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      * @param def the compressor ("deflater")
      */
     public DeflaterOutputStream(OutputStream out, Deflater def) {
-        this(out, def, 512, false);
+        this(out, def, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, false);
     }
 
     boolean usesDefaultDeflater = false;
@@ -159,7 +179,7 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      * @since 1.7
      */
     public DeflaterOutputStream(OutputStream out, boolean syncFlush) {
-        this(out, new Deflater(), 512, syncFlush);
+        this(out, new Deflater(), DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, syncFlush);
         usesDefaultDeflater = true;
     }
 
@@ -182,6 +202,7 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      * @param b the byte to be written
      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
      */
+    @Override
     public void write(int b) throws IOException {
         byte[] buf = new byte[1];
         buf[0] = (byte)(b & 0xff);
@@ -196,6 +217,7 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      * @param len the length of the data
      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
      */
+    @Override
     public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
         if (def.finished()) {
             throw new IOException("write beyond end of stream");
@@ -239,6 +261,7 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      * underlying stream.
      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
      */
+    @Override
     public void close() throws IOException {
         if (!closed) {
             try {
@@ -278,13 +301,20 @@ class DeflaterOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      *
      * @since 1.7
      */
+    @Override
     public void flush() throws IOException {
         if (syncFlush && !def.finished()) {
             int len = 0;
-            while ((len = def.deflate(buf, 0, buf.length, Deflater.SYNC_FLUSH)) > 0)
-            {
-                out.write(buf, 0, len);
-                if (len < buf.length)
+            // For SYNC_FLUSH, the Deflater.deflate() expects the callers
+            // to use a buffer whose length is greater than 6 to avoid
+            // flush marker (5 bytes) being repeatedly output to the output buffer
+            // every time it is invoked.
+            final byte[] flushBuf = buf.length < SYNC_FLUSH_MIN_BUF_SIZE
+                    ? new byte[DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE]
+                    : buf;
+            while ((len = def.deflate(flushBuf, 0, flushBuf.length, Deflater.SYNC_FLUSH)) > 0) {
+                out.write(flushBuf, 0, len);
+                if (len < flushBuf.length)
                     break;
             }
         }

src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/zip/GZIPOutputStream.java

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class GZIPOutputStream extends DeflaterOutputStream {
      * @exception IOException If an I/O error has occurred.
      */
     public GZIPOutputStream(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
-        this(out, 512, false);
+        this(out, DeflaterOutputStream.DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, false);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class GZIPOutputStream extends DeflaterOutputStream {
     public GZIPOutputStream(OutputStream out, boolean syncFlush)
         throws IOException
     {
-        this(out, 512, syncFlush);
+        this(out, DeflaterOutputStream.DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, syncFlush);
     }
 
     /**

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/net/ftp/impl/FtpClient.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2009, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
  */
 package sun.net.ftp.impl;
 
-
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
@@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
+
 import sun.net.ftp.FtpDirEntry;
 import sun.net.ftp.FtpDirParser;
 import sun.net.ftp.FtpProtocolException;
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ import sun.net.ftp.FtpReplyCode;
 import sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil;
 import sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger;
 
+import static sun.net.util.ProxyUtil.copyProxy;
 
 public class FtpClient extends sun.net.ftp.FtpClient {
 
@@ -996,7 +997,7 @@ public class FtpClient extends sun.net.ftp.FtpClient {
     }
 
     public sun.net.ftp.FtpClient setProxy(Proxy p) {
-        proxy = p;
+        proxy = copyProxy(p);
         return this;
     }
 

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/net/util/ProxyUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package sun.net.util;
+
+import sun.net.ApplicationProxy;
+
+import java.net.Proxy;
+
+public final class ProxyUtil {
+
+    private ProxyUtil() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Proxy} instance for the given proxy iff it is
+     * neither null, {@link Proxy#NO_PROXY Proxy.NO_PROXY}, an
+     * {@link ApplicationProxy} instance, nor already a {@code Proxy} instance.
+     */
+    public static Proxy copyProxy(Proxy proxy) {
+        return proxy == null
+                || proxy.getClass() == Proxy.class
+                || proxy instanceof ApplicationProxy
+                ? proxy
+                : new Proxy(proxy.type(), proxy.address());
+    }
+
+}

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/net/www/http/HttpClient.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1994, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1994, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ import sun.net.www.ParseUtil;
 import sun.net.www.protocol.http.AuthenticatorKeys;
 import sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection;
 import sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger;
+
+import static sun.net.util.ProxyUtil.copyProxy;
 import static sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.TunnelState.*;
 import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
 
@@ -264,7 +266,7 @@ public class HttpClient extends NetworkClient {
     }
 
     protected HttpClient(URL url, Proxy p, int to) throws IOException {
-        proxy = (p == null) ? Proxy.NO_PROXY : p;
+        proxy = p == null ? Proxy.NO_PROXY : copyProxy(p);
         this.host = url.getHost();
         this.url = url;
         port = url.getPort();
@@ -329,9 +331,7 @@ public class HttpClient extends NetworkClient {
     public static HttpClient New(URL url, Proxy p, int to, boolean useCache,
         HttpURLConnection httpuc) throws IOException
     {
-        if (p == null) {
-            p = Proxy.NO_PROXY;
-        }
+        p = p == null ? Proxy.NO_PROXY : copyProxy(p);
         HttpClient ret = null;
         /* see if one's already around */
         if (useCache) {

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/net/www/protocol/ftp/FtpURLConnection.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1994, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1994, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.security.Permission;
 import java.util.Properties;
+
 import sun.net.NetworkClient;
 import sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil;
 import sun.net.www.MessageHeader;
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ import sun.net.ProgressMonitor;
 import sun.net.www.ParseUtil;
 import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
 
+import static sun.net.util.ProxyUtil.copyProxy;
 
 /**
  * This class Opens an FTP input (or output) stream given a URL.
@@ -244,7 +246,7 @@ public class FtpURLConnection extends URLConnection {
                 URI uri = sun.net.www.ParseUtil.toURI(url);
                 Iterator<Proxy> it = sel.select(uri).iterator();
                 while (it.hasNext()) {
-                    p = it.next();
+                    p = copyProxy(it.next());
                     if (p == null || p == Proxy.NO_PROXY ||
                         p.type() == Proxy.Type.SOCKS) {
                         break;

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/net/www/protocol/ftp/Handler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1994, 2003, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1994, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@ package sun.net.www.protocol.ftp;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.Proxy;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import sun.net.ftp.FtpClient;
-import sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection;
+import static sun.net.util.ProxyUtil.copyProxy;
 
 /** open an ftp connection given a URL */
 public class Handler extends java.net.URLStreamHandler {
@@ -56,8 +53,8 @@ public class Handler extends java.net.URLStreamHandler {
         return openConnection(u, null);
     }
 
-    protected java.net.URLConnection openConnection(URL u, Proxy p)
+    protected java.net.URLConnection openConnection(URL u, Proxy proxy)
         throws IOException {
-        return new FtpURLConnection(u, p);
+        return new FtpURLConnection(u, copyProxy(proxy));
     }
 }

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/net/www/protocol/http/HttpURLConnection.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1995, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1995, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Properties;
+
+import static sun.net.util.ProxyUtil.copyProxy;
 import static sun.net.www.protocol.http.AuthScheme.BASIC;
 import static sun.net.www.protocol.http.AuthScheme.DIGEST;
 import static sun.net.www.protocol.http.AuthScheme.NTLM;
@@ -898,7 +900,7 @@ public class HttpURLConnection extends java.net.HttpURLConnection {
         responses = new MessageHeader(maxHeaderSize);
         userHeaders = new MessageHeader();
         this.handler = handler;
-        instProxy = p;
+        instProxy = copyProxy(p);
         if (instProxy instanceof sun.net.ApplicationProxy) {
             /* Application set Proxies should not have access to cookies
              * in a secure environment unless explicitly allowed. */
@@ -1196,7 +1198,7 @@ public class HttpURLConnection extends java.net.HttpURLConnection {
                     Iterator<Proxy> it = sel.select(uri).iterator();
                     Proxy p;
                     while (it.hasNext()) {
-                        p = it.next();
+                        p = copyProxy(it.next());
                         try {
                             if (!failedOnce) {
                                 http = getNewHttpClient(url, p, connectTimeout);

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPadding.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2003, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -327,48 +327,103 @@ public final class RSAPadding {
      * Note that we want to make it a constant-time operation
      */
     private byte[] unpadV15(byte[] padded) {
-        int k = 0;
-        boolean bp = false;
+        int paddedLength = padded.length;
 
-        if (padded[k++] != 0) {
-            bp = true;
+        if (paddedLength < 2) {
+            return null;
         }
-        if (padded[k++] != type) {
-            bp = true;
-        }
-        int p = 0;
-        while (k < padded.length) {
+
+        // The following check ensures that the lead byte is zero and
+        // the second byte is equivalent to the padding type.  The
+        // bp (bad padding) variable throughout this unpadding process will
+        // be updated and remain 0 if good padding, 1 if bad.
+        int p0 = padded[0];
+        int p1 = padded[1];
+        int bp = (-(p0 & 0xff) | ((p1 - type) | (type - p1))) >>> 31;
+
+        int padLen = 0;
+        int k = 2;
+        // Walk through the random, nonzero padding bytes.  For each padding
+        // byte bp and padLen will remain zero.  When the end-of-padding
+        // byte (0x00) is reached then padLen will be set to the index of the
+        // first byte of the message content.
+        while (k < paddedLength) {
             int b = padded[k++] & 0xff;
-            if ((b == 0) && (p == 0)) {
-                p = k;
-            }
-            if ((k == padded.length) && (p == 0)) {
-                bp = true;
-            }
-            if ((type == PAD_BLOCKTYPE_1) && (b != 0xff) &&
-                    (p == 0)) {
-                bp = true;
+            padLen += (k * (1 - ((-(b | padLen)) >>> 31)));
+            if (k == paddedLength) {
+                bp = bp | (1 - ((-padLen) >>> 31));
             }
+            bp = bp | (1 - (-(((type - PAD_BLOCKTYPE_1) & 0xff) |
+                    padLen | (1 - ((b - 0xff) >>> 31))) >>> 31));
         }
-        int n = padded.length - p;
-        if (n > maxDataSize) {
-            bp = true;
-        }
+        int n = paddedLength - padLen;
+        // So long as n <= maxDataSize, bp will remain zero
+        bp = bp | ((maxDataSize - n) >>> 31);
 
         // copy useless padding array for a constant-time method
-        byte[] padding = new byte[p];
-        System.arraycopy(padded, 0, padding, 0, p);
+        byte[] padding = new byte[padLen + 2];
+        for (int i = 0; i < padLen; i++) {
+            padding[i] = padded[i];
+        }
 
         byte[] data = new byte[n];
-        System.arraycopy(padded, p, data, 0, n);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            data[i] = padded[padLen + i];
+        }
 
-        if (bp) {
+        if ((bp | padding[bp]) != 0) {
+            // using the array padding here hoping that this way
+            // the compiler does not eliminate the above useless copy
             return null;
         } else {
             return data;
         }
     }
 
+    public byte[] unpadForTls(byte[] padded, int clientVersion,
+            int serverVersion) {
+        int paddedLength = padded.length;
+
+        // bp is positive if the padding is bad and 0 if it is good so far
+        int bp = (((int) padded[0] | ((int)padded[1] - PAD_BLOCKTYPE_2)) &
+                0xFFF);
+
+        int k = 2;
+        while (k < paddedLength - 49) {
+            int b = padded[k++] & 0xFF;
+            bp = bp | (1 - (-b >>> 31)); // if (padded[k] == 0) bp |= 1;
+        }
+        bp |= ((int)padded[k++] & 0xFF);
+        int encodedVersion = ((padded[k] & 0xFF) << 8) | (padded[k + 1] & 0xFF);
+
+        int bv1 = clientVersion - encodedVersion;
+        bv1 |= -bv1;
+        int bv3 = serverVersion - encodedVersion;
+        bv3 |= -bv3;
+        int bv2 = (0x301 - clientVersion);
+
+        bp |= ((bv1 & (bv2 | bv3)) >>> 28);
+
+        byte[] data = Arrays.copyOfRange(padded, paddedLength - 48,
+                paddedLength);
+        if (random == null) {
+            random = JCAUtil.getSecureRandom();
+        }
+
+        byte[] fake = new byte[48];
+        random.nextBytes(fake);
+
+        bp = (-bp >> 24);
+
+        // Now bp is 0 if the padding and version number were good and
+        // -1 otherwise.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) {
+            data[i] = (byte)((~bp & data[i]) | (bp & fake[i]));
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
+
     /**
      * PKCS#1 v2.0 OAEP padding (MGF1).
      * Paragraph references refer to PKCS#1 v2.1 (June 14, 2002)

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/ssl/CertificateMessage.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -1166,6 +1166,15 @@ final class CertificateMessage {
 
             // clean up this consumer
             hc.handshakeConsumers.remove(SSLHandshake.CERTIFICATE.id);
+
+            // Ensure that the Certificate message has not been sent w/o
+            // an EncryptedExtensions preceding
+            if (hc.handshakeConsumers.containsKey(
+                    SSLHandshake.ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS.id)) {
+                throw hc.conContext.fatal(Alert.UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE,
+                                           "Unexpected Certificate handshake message");
+            }
+
             T13CertificateMessage cm = new T13CertificateMessage(hc, message);
             if (hc.sslConfig.isClientMode) {
                 if (SSLLogger.isOn && SSLLogger.isOn("ssl,handshake")) {

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/ssl/CertificateVerify.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
  /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -1157,6 +1157,14 @@ final class CertificateVerify {
             // Clean up this consumer
             hc.handshakeConsumers.remove(SSLHandshake.CERTIFICATE_VERIFY.id);
 
+            // Ensure that the Certificate Verify message has not been sent w/o
+            // a Certificate message preceding
+            if (hc.handshakeConsumers.containsKey(
+                    SSLHandshake.CERTIFICATE.id)) {
+                throw hc.conContext.fatal(Alert.UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE,
+                                  "Unexpected Certificate Verify handshake message");
+            }
+
             T13CertificateVerifyMessage cvm =
                     new T13CertificateVerifyMessage(hc, message);
             if (SSLLogger.isOn && SSLLogger.isOn("ssl,handshake")) {

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/ssl/Finished.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -881,6 +881,14 @@ final class Finished {
 
         private void onConsumeFinished(ClientHandshakeContext chc,
                 ByteBuffer message) throws IOException {
+            // Ensure that the Finished message has not been sent w/o
+            // an EncryptedExtensions preceding
+            if (chc.handshakeConsumers.containsKey(
+                    SSLHandshake.ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS.id)) {
+                throw chc.conContext.fatal(Alert.UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE,
+                                           "Unexpected Finished handshake message");
+            }
+
             // Make sure that any expected CertificateVerify message
             // has been received and processed.
             if (!chc.isResumption) {

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/util/KeyUtil.java

@@ -288,19 +288,31 @@ public final class KeyUtil {
             tmp = encoded;
         }
 
+        // At this point tmp.length is 48
         int encodedVersion =
                 ((tmp[0] & 0xFF) << 8) | (tmp[1] & 0xFF);
-        int check1 = 0;
-        int check2 = 0;
-        int check3 = 0;
-        if (clientVersion != encodedVersion) check1 = 1;
-        if (clientVersion > 0x0301) check2 = 1;
-        if (serverVersion != encodedVersion) check3 = 1;
-        if ((check1 & (check2 | check3)) == 1) {
-            return replacer;
-        } else {
-            return tmp;
+
+        // The following code is a time-constant version of
+        // if ((clientVersion != encodedVersion) ||
+        //    ((clientVersion > 0x301) && (serverVersion != encodedVersion))) {
+        //        return replacer;
+        // } else { return tmp; }
+        int check1 = (clientVersion - encodedVersion) |
+                (encodedVersion - clientVersion);
+        int check2 = 0x0301 - clientVersion;
+        int check3 = (serverVersion - encodedVersion) |
+                (encodedVersion - serverVersion);
+
+        check1 = (check1 & (check2 | check3)) >> 24;
+
+        // Now check1 is either 0 or -1
+        check2 = ~check1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) {
+            tmp[i] = (byte) ((tmp[i] & check2) | (replacer[i] & check1));
         }
+
+        return tmp;
     }
 
     /**

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/util/SignatureFileVerifier.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -501,6 +501,8 @@ public class SignatureFileVerifier {
         boolean attrsVerified = true;
         // If only weak algorithms are used.
         boolean weakAlgs = true;
+        // If only unsupported algorithms are used.
+        boolean unsupportedAlgs = true;
         // If a ATTR_DIGEST entry is found.
         boolean validEntry = false;
 
@@ -525,6 +527,7 @@ public class SignatureFileVerifier {
 
                 MessageDigest digest = getDigest(algorithm);
                 if (digest != null) {
+                    unsupportedAlgs = false;
                     ManifestDigester.Entry mde = md.getMainAttsEntry(false);
                     if (mde == null) {
                         throw new SignatureException("Manifest Main Attribute check " +
@@ -567,12 +570,22 @@ public class SignatureFileVerifier {
             }
         }
 
-        // If there were only weak algorithms entries used, throw an exception.
-        if (validEntry && weakAlgs) {
-            throw new SignatureException("Manifest Main Attribute check " +
-                    "failed (" + ATTR_DIGEST + ").  " +
-                    "Disabled algorithm(s) used: " +
-                    getWeakAlgorithms(ATTR_DIGEST));
+        if (validEntry) {
+            // If there were only weak algorithms entries used, throw an exception.
+            if (weakAlgs) {
+                throw new SignatureException(
+                        "Manifest Main Attribute check "
+                        + "failed (" + ATTR_DIGEST + ").  "
+                        + "Disabled algorithm(s) used: "
+                        + getWeakAlgorithms(ATTR_DIGEST));
+            }
+
+            // If there were only unsupported algorithms entries used, throw an exception.
+            if (unsupportedAlgs) {
+                throw new SignatureException(
+                        "Manifest Main Attribute check failed ("
+                        + ATTR_DIGEST + "). Unsupported algorithm(s) used");
+            }
         }
 
         // this method returns 'true' if either:

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/validator/CADistrustPolicy.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2018, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ enum CADistrustPolicy {
             }
             EntrustTLSPolicy.checkDistrust(chain);
         }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Distrust TLS Server certificates anchored by a CAMERFIRMA root CA and
+     * issued after April 15, 2025. If enabled, this policy is currently
+     * enforced by the PKIX and SunX509 TrustManager implementations
+     * of the SunJSSE provider implementation.
+     */
+    CAMERFIRMA_TLS {
+        void checkDistrust(String variant, X509Certificate[] chain)
+                           throws ValidatorException {
+            if (!variant.equals(Validator.VAR_TLS_SERVER)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            CamerfirmaTLSPolicy.checkDistrust(chain);
+        }
     };
 
     /**

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/validator/CamerfirmaTLSPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package sun.security.validator;
+
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.Month;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import sun.security.util.Debug;
+import sun.security.x509.X509CertImpl;
+
+/**
+ * This class checks if Camerfirma issued TLS Server certificates should be
+ * restricted.
+ */
+final class CamerfirmaTLSPolicy {
+
+    private static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("certpath");
+
+    // SHA-256 certificate fingerprint of distrusted root for TLS
+    // cacerts alias: camerfirmachambersca
+    // DN: CN=Chambers of Commerce Root - 2008,
+    //     O=AC Camerfirma S.A., SERIALNUMBER=A82743287,
+    //     L=Madrid (see current address at www.camerfirma.com/address),
+    //     C=EU
+    private static final String FINGERPRINT =
+            "063E4AFAC491DFD332F3089B8542E94617D893D7FE944E10A7937EE29D9693C0";
+
+    // Any TLS Server certificate that is anchored by one of the Camerfirma
+    // roots above and is issued after this date will be distrusted.
+    private static final LocalDate APRIL_15_2025 =
+        LocalDate.of(2025, Month.APRIL, 15);
+
+    /**
+     * This method assumes the eeCert is a TLS Server Cert and chains back to
+     * the anchor.
+     *
+     * @param chain the end-entity's certificate chain. The end entity cert
+     *              is at index 0, the trust anchor at index n-1.
+     * @throws ValidatorException if the certificate is distrusted
+     */
+    static void checkDistrust(X509Certificate[] chain)
+                              throws ValidatorException {
+        X509Certificate anchor = chain[chain.length-1];
+        String fp = fingerprint(anchor);
+        if (fp == null) {
+            throw new ValidatorException("Cannot generate fingerprint for "
+                + "trust anchor of TLS server certificate");
+        }
+        if (FINGERPRINT.equalsIgnoreCase(fp)) {
+            Date notBefore = chain[0].getNotBefore();
+            LocalDate ldNotBefore = LocalDate.ofInstant(notBefore.toInstant(),
+                                                        ZoneOffset.UTC);
+            // reject if certificate is issued after April 15, 2025
+            checkNotBefore(ldNotBefore, APRIL_15_2025, anchor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String fingerprint(X509Certificate cert) {
+        return X509CertImpl.getFingerprint("SHA-256", cert);
+    }
+
+    private static void checkNotBefore(LocalDate notBeforeDate,
+            LocalDate distrustDate, X509Certificate anchor)
+            throws ValidatorException {
+        if (notBeforeDate.isAfter(distrustDate)) {
+            throw new ValidatorException
+                ("TLS Server certificate issued after " + distrustDate +
+                 " and anchored by a distrusted legacy Camerfirma root CA: "
+                 + anchor.getSubjectX500Principal(),
+                 ValidatorException.T_UNTRUSTED_CERT, anchor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private CamerfirmaTLSPolicy() {}
+}

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/validator/EntrustTLSPolicy.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -71,19 +71,7 @@ final class EntrustTLSPolicy {
         //     OU=(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited,
         //     OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.),
         //     O=Entrust.net
-        "6DC47172E01CBCB0BF62580D895FE2B8AC9AD4F873801E0C10B9C837D21EB177",
-        // cacerts alias: affirmtrustcommercialca
-        // DN: CN=AffirmTrust Commercial, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-        "0376AB1D54C5F9803CE4B2E201A0EE7EEF7B57B636E8A93C9B8D4860C96F5FA7",
-        // cacerts alias: affirmtrustnetworkingca
-        // DN: CN=AffirmTrust Networking, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-        "0A81EC5A929777F145904AF38D5D509F66B5E2C58FCDB531058B0E17F3F0B41B",
-        // cacerts alias: affirmtrustpremiumca
-        // DN: CN=AffirmTrust Premium, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-        "70A73F7F376B60074248904534B11482D5BF0E698ECC498DF52577EBF2E93B9A",
-        // cacerts alias: affirmtrustpremiumeccca
-        // DN: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC, O=AffirmTrust, C=US
-        "BD71FDF6DA97E4CF62D1647ADD2581B07D79ADF8397EB4ECBA9C5E8488821423"
+        "6DC47172E01CBCB0BF62580D895FE2B8AC9AD4F873801E0C10B9C837D21EB177"
     );
 
     // Any TLS Server certificate that is anchored by one of the Entrust

src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/CurrencyNames.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2005, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2005, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ VES=VES
 VND=VND
 VUV=VUV
 WST=WST
+XAD=XAD
 XAF=XAF
 XAG=XAG
 XAU=XAU
@@ -485,6 +486,7 @@ ves=Venezuelan Bol\u00edvar Soberano
 vnd=Vietnamese Dong
 vuv=Vanuatu Vatu
 wst=Samoan Tala
+xad=Arab Accounting Dinar
 xaf=CFA Franc BEAC
 xag=Silver
 xau=Gold

src/java.base/share/conf/security/java.security

@@ -1290,6 +1290,9 @@ jdk.sasl.disabledMechanisms=
 #   ENTRUST_TLS : Distrust TLS Server certificates anchored by
 #   an Entrust root CA and issued after November 11, 2024.
 #
+#   CAMERFIRMA_TLS : Distrust TLS Server certificates anchored by
+#   a Camerfirma root CA and issued after April 15, 2025.
+#
 # Leading and trailing whitespace surrounding each value are ignored.
 # Unknown values are ignored. If the property is commented out or set to the
 # empty String, no policies are enforced.
@@ -1301,7 +1304,7 @@ jdk.sasl.disabledMechanisms=
 # jdk.certpath.disabledAlgorithms; those restrictions are still enforced even
 # if this property is not enabled.
 #
-jdk.security.caDistrustPolicies=SYMANTEC_TLS,ENTRUST_TLS
+jdk.security.caDistrustPolicies=SYMANTEC_TLS,ENTRUST_TLS,CAMERFIRMA_TLS
 
 #
 # FilePermission path canonicalization

src/java.base/windows/classes/java/lang/ProcessImpl.java

@@ -211,13 +211,14 @@ final class ProcessImpl extends Process {
     private static final int VERIFICATION_LEGACY = 3;
     // See Command shell overview for documentation of special characters.
     // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-xp/bb490954(v=technet.10)
-    private static final char ESCAPE_VERIFICATION[][] = {
+    private static final String ESCAPE_VERIFICATION[] = {
         // We guarantee the only command file execution for implicit [cmd.exe] run.
         //    http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490954.aspx
-        {' ', '\t', '\"', '<', '>', '&', '|', '^'},
-        {' ', '\t', '\"', '<', '>'},
-        {' ', '\t', '\"', '<', '>'},
-        {' ', '\t'}
+        // All space characters require quoting are checked in needsEscaping().
+        "\"<>&|^",
+        "\"<>",
+        "\"<>",
+        ""
     };
 
     private static String createCommandLine(int verificationType,
@@ -332,9 +333,14 @@ final class ProcessImpl extends Process {
         }
 
         if (!argIsQuoted) {
-            char testEscape[] = ESCAPE_VERIFICATION[verificationType];
-            for (int i = 0; i < testEscape.length; ++i) {
-                if (arg.indexOf(testEscape[i]) >= 0) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < arg.length(); i++) {
+                char ch = arg.charAt(i);
+                if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(ch))
+                    continue;   // skip over common characters
+                // All space chars require quotes and other mode specific characters
+                if (Character.isSpaceChar(ch) ||
+                        Character.isWhitespace(ch) ||
+                        ESCAPE_VERIFICATION[verificationType].indexOf(ch) >= 0) {
                     return true;
                 }
             }

src/java.base/windows/native/libjava/java_props_md.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -486,6 +486,8 @@ GetJavaProperties(JNIEnv* env)
          *       where (buildNumber > 17762)
          * Windows Server 2022          10              0  (!VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
          *       where (buildNumber > 20347)
+         * Windows Server 2025          10              0  (!VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
+         *       where (buildNumber > 26039)
          *
          * This mapping will presumably be augmented as new Windows
          * versions are released.
@@ -569,7 +571,10 @@ GetJavaProperties(JNIEnv* env)
                     case  0:
                         /* Windows server 2019 GA 10/2018 build number is 17763 */
                         /* Windows server 2022 build number is 20348 */
-                        if (buildNumber > 20347) {
+                        /* Windows server 2025 Preview build is 26040 */
+                        if (buildNumber > 26039) {
+                            sprops.os_name = "Windows Server 2025";
+                        } else if (buildNumber > 20347) {
                             sprops.os_name = "Windows Server 2022";
                         } else if (buildNumber > 17676) {
                             sprops.os_name = "Windows Server 2019";

src/java.desktop/macosx/classes/com/apple/laf/AquaTabbedPaneCopyFromBasicUI.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2011, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -404,7 +404,11 @@ public class AquaTabbedPaneCopyFromBasicUI extends TabbedPaneUI implements Swing
         }
         tabPane.addContainerListener(getHandler());
         if (tabPane.getTabCount() > 0) {
-            htmlViews = createHTMLVector();
+            Boolean htmlDisabled = (Boolean)
+                                   tabPane.getClientProperty("html.disable");
+            if (!(Boolean.TRUE.equals(htmlDisabled))) {
+                htmlViews = createHTMLVector();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -3443,8 +3447,10 @@ public class AquaTabbedPaneCopyFromBasicUI extends TabbedPaneUI implements Swing
 
         private void updateHtmlViews(int index, boolean inserted) {
             final String title = tabPane.getTitleAt(index);
+            Boolean htmlDisabled = (Boolean)
+                                   tabPane.getClientProperty("html.disable");
             final boolean isHTML = BasicHTML.isHTMLString(title);
-            if (isHTML) {
+            if (isHTML && !(Boolean.TRUE.equals(htmlDisabled))) {
                 if (htmlViews == null) { // Initialize vector
                     htmlViews = createHTMLVector();
                 } else { // Vector already exists

src/java.desktop/macosx/native/libawt_lwawt/awt/AWTView.m

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
 // keyboard layout
 static NSString *kbdLayout;
 
+// Constant for keyman layouts
+#define KEYMAN_LAYOUT "keyman"
+
 @interface AWTView()
 @property (retain) CDropTarget *_dropTarget;
 @property (retain) CDragSource *_dragSource;
@@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ static BOOL shouldUsePressAndHold() {
 
 - (void) keyDown: (NSEvent *)event {
     fProcessingKeystroke = YES;
-    fKeyEventsNeeded = YES;
+    fKeyEventsNeeded = ![(NSString *)kbdLayout containsString:@KEYMAN_LAYOUT];
 
     // Allow TSM to look at the event and potentially send back NSTextInputClient messages.
     [self interpretKeyEvents:[NSArray arrayWithObject:event]];
@@ -989,7 +992,7 @@ static jclass jc_CInputMethod = NULL;
 
     if ((utf16Length > 2) ||
         ((utf8Length > 1) && [self isCodePointInUnicodeBlockNeedingIMEvent:codePoint]) ||
-        ((codePoint == 0x5c) && ([(NSString *)kbdLayout containsString:@"Kotoeri"]))) {
+        [(NSString *)kbdLayout containsString:@KEYMAN_LAYOUT]) {
         aStringIsComplex = YES;
     }
 

src/java.desktop/macosx/native/libawt_lwawt/awt/AWTWindow.m

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2011, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -1647,6 +1647,7 @@ JNI_COCOA_ENTER(env);
             int shieldLevel = CGShieldingWindowLevel();
             window.preFullScreenLevel = [nsWindow level];
             [nsWindow setLevel: shieldLevel];
+            [nsWindow makeKeyAndOrderFront: nil];
 
             NSRect screenRect = [[nsWindow screen] frame];
             [nsWindow setFrame:screenRect display:YES];

src/java.desktop/macosx/native/libawt_lwawt/font/AWTStrike.m

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ JNI_COCOA_ENTER(env);
     // to indicate we should use CoreText to substitute the character
     CGGlyph glyph;
     const CTFontRef fallback = CTS_CopyCTFallbackFontAndGlyphForJavaGlyphCode(awtFont, glyphCode, &glyph);
-    CTFontGetAdvancesForGlyphs(fallback, kCTFontDefaultOrientation, &glyph, &advance, 1);
+    CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphMetrics(fallback, &awtStrike->fAltTx, awtStrike->fStyle, &glyph, 1, NULL, &advance);
     CFRelease(fallback);
     advance = CGSizeApplyAffineTransform(advance, awtStrike->fFontTx);
     if (!JRSFontStyleUsesFractionalMetrics(awtStrike->fStyle)) {
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ JNI_COCOA_ENTER(env);
     const CTFontRef fallback = CTS_CopyCTFallbackFontAndGlyphForJavaGlyphCode(awtFont, glyphCode, &glyph);
 
     CGRect bbox;
-    JRSFontGetBoundingBoxesForGlyphsAndStyle(fallback, &tx, awtStrike->fStyle, &glyph, 1, &bbox);
+    CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphMetrics(fallback, &tx, awtStrike->fStyle, &glyph, 1, &bbox, NULL);
     CFRelease(fallback);
 
     // the origin of this bounding box is relative to the bottom-left corner baseline

src/java.desktop/macosx/native/libawt_lwawt/font/CGGlyphImages.h

@@ -33,5 +33,12 @@ void
 CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphImagePtrs(jlong glyphInfos[],
                                 const AWTStrike *strike,
                                 jint rawGlyphCodes[], const CFIndex len);
-
+void
+CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphMetrics(const CTFontRef font,
+                              const CGAffineTransform *tx,
+                              const JRSFontRenderingStyle style,
+                              const CGGlyph glyphs[],
+                              size_t count,
+                              CGRect bboxes[],
+                              CGSize advances[]);
 #endif /* __CGGLYPHIMAGES_H */

src/java.desktop/macosx/native/libawt_lwawt/font/CGGlyphImages.m

@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ CGGI_CopyImageFromCanvasToRGBInfo(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, GlyphInfo *info)
 {
     UInt32 *src = (UInt32 *)canvas->image->data;
     size_t srcRowWidth = canvas->image->width;
+    size_t srcHeight = canvas->image->height;
 
     UInt8 *dest = (UInt8 *)info->image;
     size_t destRowWidth = info->width;
@@ -246,12 +247,12 @@ CGGI_CopyImageFromCanvasToRGBInfo(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, GlyphInfo *info)
     size_t y;
 
     // fill empty glyph image with black-on-white glyph
-    for (y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    for (y = 0; y < height && y < srcHeight; y++) {
         size_t destRow = y * destRowWidth * 3;
         size_t srcRow = y * srcRowWidth;
 
         size_t x;
-        for (x = 0; x < destRowWidth; x++) {
+        for (x = 0; x < destRowWidth && x < srcRowWidth; x++) {
             CGGI_CopyARGBPixelToRGBPixel(src[srcRow + x],
                                          dest + destRow + x * 3);
         }
@@ -289,6 +290,7 @@ CGGI_CopyImageFromCanvasToAlphaInfo(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, GlyphInfo *info)
 {
     UInt32 *src = (UInt32 *)canvas->image->data;
     size_t srcRowWidth = canvas->image->width;
+    size_t srcHeight = canvas->image->height;
 
     UInt8 *dest = (UInt8 *)info->image;
     size_t destRowWidth = info->width;
@@ -298,11 +300,11 @@ CGGI_CopyImageFromCanvasToAlphaInfo(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, GlyphInfo *info)
     size_t y;
 
     // fill empty glyph image with black-on-white glyph
-    for (y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    for (y = 0; y < height && y < srcHeight; y++) {
         size_t destRow = y * destRowWidth;
         size_t srcRow = y * srcRowWidth;
         size_t x;
-        for (x = 0; x < destRowWidth; x++) {
+        for (x = 0; x < destRowWidth && x < srcRowWidth; x++) {
             UInt32 p = src[srcRow + x];
             dest[destRow + x] = CGGI_ConvertBWPixelToByteGray(p);
         }
@@ -384,8 +386,10 @@ CGGI_InitCanvas(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas,
 
     canvas->image->data = (void *)calloc(byteCount, sizeof(UInt8));
     if (canvas->image->data == NULL) {
-        [[NSException exceptionWithName:NSMallocException
-            reason:@"Failed to allocate memory for the buffer which backs the CGContext for glyph strikes." userInfo:nil] raise];
+        canvas->image->width = 0;
+        canvas->image->height = 0;
+        canvas->image->rowBytes = 0;
+        canvas->image->data = malloc(0);
     }
 
     uint32_t bmpInfo = kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst;
@@ -435,6 +439,10 @@ CGGI_FreeCanvas(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas)
 
 /*
  * Quick and easy inline to check if this canvas is big enough.
+ * This function only increases the size. To get a smaller canvas, free it first.
+ * This function adds padding / slack multiplier to the requested size.
+ * So resizes must be based on the size you need, not the size of the canvas.
+ * The function will internally account for the multiplier it uses.
  */
 static inline void
 CGGI_SizeCanvas(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, const vImagePixelCount width,
@@ -442,18 +450,31 @@ CGGI_SizeCanvas(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, const vImagePixelCount width,
         const CGGI_RenderingMode* mode)
 {
     if (canvas->image != NULL &&
-        width  < canvas->image->width &&
-        height < canvas->image->height)
+        width  * CGGI_GLYPH_CANVAS_SLACK <= canvas->image->width &&
+        height * CGGI_GLYPH_CANVAS_SLACK <= canvas->image->height)
     {
         return;
     }
 
+    vImagePixelCount w = width * CGGI_GLYPH_CANVAS_SLACK;
+    vImagePixelCount h = height * CGGI_GLYPH_CANVAS_SLACK;
+
+    // Do not allow the canvas to be resized smaller.
+    if (canvas->image != NULL) {
+       if (w < canvas->image->width) {
+           w = canvas->image->width;
+       }
+       if (h < canvas->image->height) {
+           h = canvas->image->height;
+       }
+    }
+
     // if we don't have enough space to strike the largest glyph in the
     // run, resize the canvas
     CGGI_FreeCanvas(canvas);
     CGGI_InitCanvas(canvas,
-                    width * CGGI_GLYPH_CANVAS_SLACK,
-                    height * CGGI_GLYPH_CANVAS_SLACK,
+                    w,
+                    h,
                     mode);
     JRSFontSetRenderingStyleOnContext(canvas->context, mode->cgFontMode);
 }
@@ -469,6 +490,12 @@ CGGI_ClearCanvas(CGGI_GlyphCanvas *canvas, GlyphInfo *info)
     canvasRectToClear.data = canvas->image->data;
     canvasRectToClear.height = info->height;
     canvasRectToClear.width = info->width;
+    if (canvas->image->width < canvasRectToClear.width) {
+          canvasRectToClear.width = canvas->image->width;
+    }
+    if (canvas->image->height < canvasRectToClear.height) {
+          canvasRectToClear.height = canvas->image->height;
+    }
     // use the row stride of the canvas, not the info
     canvasRectToClear.rowBytes = canvas->image->rowBytes;
 
@@ -615,10 +642,8 @@ CGGI_CreateImageForUnicode
     JRSFontRenderingStyle style = JRSFontAlignStyleForFractionalMeasurement(strike->fStyle);
 
     CGRect bbox;
-    JRSFontGetBoundingBoxesForGlyphsAndStyle(fallback, &tx, style, &glyph, 1, &bbox);
-
     CGSize advance;
-    CTFontGetAdvancesForGlyphs(fallback, kCTFontDefaultOrientation, &glyph, &advance, 1);
+    CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphMetrics(fallback, &tx, style, &glyph, 1, &bbox, &advance);
 
     // create the Sun2D GlyphInfo we are going to strike into
     GlyphInfo *info = CGGI_CreateNewGlyphInfoFrom(advance, bbox, strike, mode);
@@ -774,8 +799,8 @@ CGGI_CreateGlyphInfos(jlong *glyphInfos, const AWTStrike *strike,
     CGAffineTransform tx = strike->fTx;
     JRSFontRenderingStyle bboxCGMode = JRSFontAlignStyleForFractionalMeasurement(strike->fStyle);
 
-    JRSFontGetBoundingBoxesForGlyphsAndStyle((CTFontRef)font->fFont, &tx, bboxCGMode, glyphs, len, bboxes);
-    CTFontGetAdvancesForGlyphs((CTFontRef)font->fFont, kCTFontDefaultOrientation, glyphs, advances, len);
+    CTFontRef fontRef = (CTFontRef)font->fFont;
+    CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphMetrics(fontRef, &tx, bboxCGMode, glyphs, len, bboxes, advances);
 
     size_t maxWidth = 1;
     size_t maxHeight = 1;
@@ -793,7 +818,6 @@ CGGI_CreateGlyphInfos(jlong *glyphInfos, const AWTStrike *strike,
         CGRect bbox = bboxes[i];
 
         GlyphInfo *glyphInfo = CGGI_CreateNewGlyphInfoFrom(advance, bbox, strike, mode);
-
         if (maxWidth < glyphInfo->width)   maxWidth = glyphInfo->width;
         if (maxHeight < glyphInfo->height) maxHeight = glyphInfo->height;
 
@@ -869,22 +893,68 @@ CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphImagePtrs(jlong glyphInfos[],
         return;
     }
 
-    // just do one malloc, and carve it up for all the buffers
-    void *buffer = malloc(sizeof(CGRect) * sizeof(CGSize) *
-                          sizeof(CGGlyph) * sizeof(UnicodeScalarValue) * len);
-    if (buffer == NULL) {
+    CGRect *bboxes   = (CGRect*)calloc(len, sizeof(CGRect));
+    CGSize *advances = (CGSize*)calloc(len, sizeof(CGSize));
+    CGGlyph *glyphs  = (CGGlyph*)calloc(len, sizeof(CGGlyph));
+    UnicodeScalarValue *uniChars = (UnicodeScalarValue*)calloc(len, sizeof(UnicodeScalarValue));
+
+    if (bboxes == NULL || advances == NULL || glyphs == NULL || uniChars == NULL) {
+        free(bboxes);
+        free(advances);
+        free(glyphs);
+        free(uniChars);
         [[NSException exceptionWithName:NSMallocException
             reason:@"Failed to allocate memory for the temporary glyph strike and measurement buffers." userInfo:nil] raise];
     }
 
-    CGRect *bboxes = (CGRect *)(buffer);
-    CGSize *advances = (CGSize *)(bboxes + sizeof(CGRect) * len);
-    CGGlyph *glyphs = (CGGlyph *)(advances + sizeof(CGGlyph) * len);
-    UnicodeScalarValue *uniChars = (UnicodeScalarValue *)(glyphs + sizeof(UnicodeScalarValue) * len);
-
     CGGI_CreateGlyphsAndScanForComplexities(glyphInfos, strike, &mode,
                                             rawGlyphCodes, uniChars, glyphs,
                                             advances, bboxes, len);
 
-    free(buffer);
+    free(bboxes);
+    free(advances);
+    free(glyphs);
+    free(uniChars);
+}
+
+#define TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(v)  (isinf(v) || isnan(v) || fabs(v) >= (1<<30))
+
+/*
+ * Calculates bounding boxes (for given transform) and advance (for untransformed 1pt-size font) for specified glyphs.
+ */
+void
+CGGlyphImages_GetGlyphMetrics(const CTFontRef font,
+                              const CGAffineTransform *tx,
+                              const JRSFontRenderingStyle style,
+                              const CGGlyph glyphs[],
+                              size_t count,
+                              CGRect bboxes[],
+                              CGSize advances[]) {
+
+    if (TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(tx->a) || TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(tx->b) || TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(tx->c) ||
+        TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(tx->d) || TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(tx->tx) || TX_FIXED_UNSAFE(tx->tx)) {
+
+        if (bboxes) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                bboxes[i].origin.x = 0;
+                bboxes[i].origin.y = 0;
+                bboxes[i].size.width = 0;
+                bboxes[i].size.height = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        if (advances) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                advances[i].width = 0;
+                advances[i].height = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (bboxes) {
+        JRSFontGetBoundingBoxesForGlyphsAndStyle(font, tx, style, glyphs, count, bboxes);
+    }
+    if (advances) {
+        CTFontGetAdvancesForGlyphs(font, kCTFontDefaultOrientation, glyphs, advances, count);
+    }
 }

src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/image/ColorConvertOp.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ public class ColorConvertOp implements BufferedImageOp, RasterOp {
             }
             float[] srcMinVal = new float[iccSrcNumComp];
             float[] srcInvDiffMinMax = new float[iccSrcNumComp];
-            for (int i = 0; i < srcNumComp; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < iccSrcNumComp; i++) {
                 srcMinVal[i] = cs.getMinValue(i);
                 srcInvDiffMinMax[i] = maxNum / (cs.getMaxValue(i) - srcMinVal[i]);
             }
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ public class ColorConvertOp implements BufferedImageOp, RasterOp {
             }
             float[] dstMinVal = new float[iccDstNumComp];
             float[] dstDiffMinMax = new float[iccDstNumComp];
-            for (int i = 0; i < dstNumComp; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < iccDstNumComp; i++) {
                 dstMinVal[i] = cs.getMinValue(i);
                 dstDiffMinMax[i] = (cs.getMaxValue(i) - dstMinVal[i]) / maxNum;
             }
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ public class ColorConvertOp implements BufferedImageOp, RasterOp {
                                       dstDiffMinMax[i] + dstMinVal[i];
                     }
                     if (nonICCDst) {
-                        color = srcColorSpace.fromCIEXYZ(dstColor);
+                        color = dstColorSpace.fromCIEXYZ(dstColor);
                         for (int i = 0; i < dstNumComp; i++) {
                             dstColor[i] = color[i];
                         }

src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/border/TitledBorder.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -736,6 +736,11 @@ public class TitledBorder extends AbstractBorder
     }
 
     private JLabel getLabel(Component c) {
+        if (c instanceof JComponent) {
+            JComponent comp = (JComponent)c;
+            this.label.putClientProperty("html.disable",
+                                         comp.getClientProperty("html.disable"));
+        }
         this.label.setText(getTitle());
         this.label.setFont(getFont(c));
         this.label.setForeground(getColor(c));

src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/basic/BasicOptionPaneUI.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -482,6 +482,10 @@ public class BasicOptionPaneUI extends OptionPaneUI {
             } else {
                 JLabel label;
                 label = new JLabel( s, JLabel.LEADING );
+                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(
+                    this.optionPane.getClientProperty("html.disable"))) {
+                    label.putClientProperty("html.disable", true);
+                }
                 label.setName("OptionPane.label");
                 configureMessageLabel(label);
                 addMessageComponents(container, cons, label, maxll, true);

src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/basic/BasicTabbedPaneUI.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -451,7 +451,11 @@ public class BasicTabbedPaneUI extends TabbedPaneUI implements SwingConstants {
         }
         tabPane.addContainerListener(getHandler());
         if (tabPane.getTabCount()>0) {
-            htmlViews = createHTMLVector();
+            Boolean htmlDisabled = (Boolean)
+                                    tabPane.getClientProperty("html.disable");
+            if (!(Boolean.TRUE.equals(htmlDisabled))) {
+                htmlViews = createHTMLVector();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -4017,8 +4021,10 @@ public class BasicTabbedPaneUI extends TabbedPaneUI implements SwingConstants {
 
         private void updateHtmlViews(int index, boolean inserted) {
             String title = tabPane.getTitleAt(index);
+            Boolean htmlDisabled = (Boolean)
+                                    tabPane.getClientProperty("html.disable");
             boolean isHTML = BasicHTML.isHTMLString(title);
-            if (isHTML) {
+            if (isHTML && !(Boolean.TRUE.equals(htmlDisabled))) {
                 if (htmlViews==null) {    // Initialize vector
                     htmlViews = createHTMLVector();
                 } else {                  // Vector already exists

src/java.desktop/share/legal/freetype.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## The FreeType Project: Freetype v2.13.2
+## The FreeType Project: Freetype v2.13.3
 
 
 ### FreeType Notice
@@ -21,23 +21,23 @@ which fits your needs best.
 ### FreeType License
 ```
 
-Copyright (C) 1996-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.
-Copyright (C) 2007-2023 by Dereg Clegg and Michael Toftdal.
-Copyright (C) 1996-2023 by Just van Rossum, David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.
-Copyright (C) 2022-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, George Williams, and
-Copyright (C) 2004-2023 by Masatake YAMATO and Redhat K.K.
-Copyright (C) 2007-2023 by Derek Clegg and Michael Toftdal.
-Copyright (C) 2003-2023 by Masatake YAMATO, Red Hat K.K.,
-Copyright (C) 1996-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and Dominik Röttsches.
-Copyright (C) 2007-2023 by David Turner.
-Copyright (C) 2022-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and Moazin Khatti.
-Copyright (C) 2007-2023 by Rahul Bhalerao <rahul.bhalerao@redhat.com>, <b.rahul.pm@gmail.com>.
-Copyright (C) 2008-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and suzuki toshiya.
-Copyright (C) 2013-2023 by Google, Inc.
-Copyright (C) 2019-2023 by Nikhil Ramakrishnan, David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.
-Copyright (C) 2009-2023 by Oran Agra and Mickey Gabel.
-Copyright (C) 2018-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Dominik Röttsches, and Werner Lemberg.
-Copyright (C) 2004-2023 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and George Williams.
+Copyright (C) 1996-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.
+Copyright (C) 2007-2024 by Dereg Clegg and Michael Toftdal.
+Copyright (C) 1996-2024 by Just van Rossum, David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.
+Copyright (C) 2022-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, George Williams, and
+Copyright (C) 2004-2024 by Masatake YAMATO and Redhat K.K.
+Copyright (C) 2007-2024 by Derek Clegg and Michael Toftdal.
+Copyright (C) 2003-2024 by Masatake YAMATO, Red Hat K.K.,
+Copyright (C) 1996-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and Dominik Röttsches.
+Copyright (C) 2007-2024 by David Turner.
+Copyright (C) 2022-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and Moazin Khatti.
+Copyright (C) 2007-2024 by Rahul Bhalerao <rahul.bhalerao@redhat.com>, <b.rahul.pm@gmail.com>.
+Copyright (C) 2008-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and suzuki toshiya.
+Copyright (C) 2013-2024 by Google, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2019-2024 by Nikhil Ramakrishnan, David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg.
+Copyright (C) 2009-2024 by Oran Agra and Mickey Gabel.
+Copyright (C) 2018-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Dominik Röttsches, and Werner Lemberg.
+Copyright (C) 2004-2024 by David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, Werner Lemberg, and George Williams.
 
 
                     The FreeType Project LICENSE
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ Public License instead of this License.
 ```
 
 ---------------------------------
-The below license applies to the following files:
+The below applies to the following file(s):
 libfreetype/src/psaux/psarrst.c
 libfreetype/src/psaux/psarrst.h
 libfreetype/src/psaux/psblues.c
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ libfreetype/src/psaux/psstack.c
 libfreetype/src/psaux/psstack.h
 libfreetype/src/psaux/pstypes.h
 
-Copyright 2006-2014 Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Adobe Systems Incorporated.
 
 This software, and all works of authorship, whether in source or
 object code form as indicated by the copyright notice(s) included
@@ -618,12 +618,12 @@ and you accept them fully.
 ```
 
 ---------------------------------
-The below license applies to the following files:
+The below applies to the following file(s):
 libfreetype/include/freetype/internal/fthash.h
 libfreetype/src/base/fthash.c
 
-Copyright 2000 Computing Research Labs, New Mexico State University
-Copyright 2001-2015
+Copyright (C) 2000 Computing Research Labs, New Mexico State University
+Copyright (C) 2001-2015
 
   Francesco Zappa Nardelli
 

src/java.desktop/share/legal/harfbuzz.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## Harfbuzz v8.2.2
+## Harfbuzz v10.4.0
 
 ### Harfbuzz License
 
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ HarfBuzz is licensed under the so-called "Old MIT" license.  Details follow.
 For parts of HarfBuzz that are licensed under different licenses see individual
 files names COPYING in subdirectories where applicable.
 
-Copyright © 2010-2023  Google, Inc.
+Copyright © 2010-2024  Google, Inc.
 Copyright © 2018-2020  Ebrahim Byagowi
 Copyright © 2004-2013  Red Hat, Inc.
 Copyright © 2019  Facebook, Inc.
 Copyright (C) 2012 Zilong Tan (eric.zltan@gmail.com)
 Copyright © 2007  Chris Wilson
 Copyright © 2018-2019 Adobe Inc.
-Copyright © 2006-2023 Behdad Esfahbod
+Copyright © 2006-2025 Behdad Esfahbod
 Copyright © 1998-2004  David Turner and Werner Lemberg
 Copyright © 2009  Keith Stribley
 Copyright © 2018  Khaled Hosny
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ exception is licensed with a slightly different MIT variant:
 The contents of this directory are licensed under the following terms:
 
 ---------------------------------
-The below license applies to the following files:
+The below applies to the following file(s):
 libharfbuzz/hb-ucd.cc
 
 Copyright (C) 2012 Grigori Goronzy <greg@kinoho.net>
@@ -72,13 +72,14 @@ ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 
 ---------------------------------
-The below license applies to the following files:
+The below applies to the following file(s):
 libharfbuzz/hb-unicode-emoji-table.hh
 
-© 2023 Unicode®, Inc.
+© 2024 Unicode®, Inc.
+
 Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc.
 in the U.S. and other countries.
-For terms of use, see https://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html
+For terms of use and license, see https://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html
 
 </pre>
 

src/java.desktop/share/legal/lcms.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-## Little Color Management System (LCMS) v2.16
+## Little Color Management System (LCMS) v2.17
 
 ### LCMS License
 <pre>
 
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (C) 1998-2023 Marti Maria Saguer
+Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Marti Maria Saguer
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 ---------------------------------
-The below license applies to the following files:
+The below applies to the following file(s):
 liblcms/cmssm.c
 
-Copyright 2001, softSurfer (www.softsurfer.com)
+Copyright (C) 2001, softSurfer (www.softsurfer.com)
 
 This code may be freely used and modified for any purpose
 providing that this copyright notice is included with it.
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@ Christian Albrecht
 Dimitrios Anastassakis
 Lemke Software
 Tim Zaman
-
-```
+Amir Montazery and Open Source Technology Improvement Fund (ostif.org), Google, for fuzzer fundings.
+```

src/java.desktop/share/legal/libpng.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## libpng v1.6.43
+## libpng v1.6.47
 
 ### libpng License
 <pre>
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ COPYRIGHT NOTICE, DISCLAIMER, and LICENSE
 PNG Reference Library License version 2
 ---------------------------------------
 
-Copyright (C) 1995-2024 The PNG Reference Library Authors.
-Copyright (C) 2018-2024 Cosmin Truta
+Copyright (c) 1995-2025 The PNG Reference Library Authors.
+Copyright (C) 2018-2025 Cosmin Truta
 Copyright (C) 1998-2018 Glenn Randers-Pehrson
 Copyright (C) 1996-1997 Andreas Dilger
 Copyright (C) 1995-1996 Guy Eric Schalnat, Group 42, Inc.
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ Authors, for copyright and licensing purposes.
  * James Yu
  * John Bowler
  * Kevin Bracey
+ * Lucas Chollet
  * Magnus Holmgren
  * Mandar Sahastrabuddhe
  * Mans Rullgard